Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,411 questions · 5,986 findings · 226 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 1,305 · 21.8%GRADE not reported 2,988 · 49.9%Very low 1,030 · 17.2%Low 476 · 8%Moderate 156 · 2.6%High 31 · 0.5%

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Oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance vs placebo or no treatment

Daytime symptom: sleepiness (Brouillette questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)

It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: sleepiness (Brouillette questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under review, measuring or testing at intervals) vs No monitoring

Dental state: No clinically important change in plaque index · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per NIMH 1987, or with…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education

Leaving the study early · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per NIMH 1987, or with…

Motivational interview plus oral health education showed no clear difference in leaving the study early compared with oral health education (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cholinergics (bethanechol 15 mg/day) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether cholinergics (bethanechol 15 mg/day) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies (cognitive therapy) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapies (cognitive therapy) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gabapentin vs placebo

QoL · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) vs placebo

Adverse effects: insomnia · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) changes adverse effects: insomnia compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments (capsaicin oral rinse) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
2 findings from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months) · capsaicin oral rinse
    Capsaicin oral rinse (Marino 2010; Silvestre 2012) contributes to the topical treatments short-term symptom-relief comparison (insufficient/contradictory). Silvestre 2012 data not presented due to 23% first-phase…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    long-term (>3 to 6 months) · capsaicin oral rinse
    MD -2.60 [-5.11, -0.09]
    1 study · 18 participants
    Very low

Laser (Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, or Nd:YAG) vs Conventional mechanical caries removal (standard drill; handpiece with a bur)

Operator preference/fatigue in operator · Children, adolescents and adults with caries in deciduous and permanent teeth (age 3.5 to 84 years)
1 finding from 1 review
  • One study (Evans 2000): 11 dental practitioners expressed a preference in 73 of 77 'dentist/patient encounters', significantly in favour of conventional drill rather than laser (P < 0.001); main difficulty with laser…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Chemically cured zinc phosphate cement vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC)

Decalcification · Patients with full arch fixed orthodontic appliances with bands attached to molars (patients with cleft lip/palate or other craniofacial…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Approximately 12 months (to end of treatment)
    No statistical analysis. Kvam 1983 (28 participants): 4 teeth affected by small decalcification spots (reversed by polishing and fluoride), all with the zinc phosphate cement. Galarraga 2003 (40 participants): 8…
    2 studies · 68 participants
    GRADE not reported

Alpha‐lipoic acid vs placebo

Change in feeling of dryness · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Laser (Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, or Nd:YAG) vs Conventional mechanical caries removal (standard drill; handpiece with a bur)

Caries removal (clinical) · Children, adolescents and adults with caries in deciduous and permanent teeth (age 3.5 to 84 years)

Laser (Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, or Nd:YAG) showed no clear difference in caries removal (clinical) compared with conventional mechanical caries removal (standard drill; handpiece… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative analgesics (analgesics given before dental treatment) vs Placebo or no analgesics

Costs · Children and adolescents aged up to 17 years having dental treatment (orthodontic treatment, fillings, pulp treatment, or tooth…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with bovine bone mineral + resorbable collagen membrane vs No GTR (no grafting)

Healing - 1 year · People requiring retreatment of periapical lesions (failed root canal therapy)

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with bovine bone mineral +… showed no clear difference in healing - 1 year compared with no GTR (no grafting) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance vs placebo or no treatment

Irritability · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)

It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: irritability (Brouillette questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review