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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,721 questions · 19,640 findings · 2,039 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,754 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 1,273 · 6.5%Very low 4,859 · 24.7%Low 5,568 · 28.4%Moderate 3,240 · 16.5%High 946 · 4.8%

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Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease

It is very uncertain whether angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors changes micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in all‐cause death Median compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular mortality · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in cardiovascular death Median compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids

Growth during the first month of life · preterm born neonates
3 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids

Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm born neonates

Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcome assessed by any standard tool compared with late amino acids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control

Infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) showed no clear difference in infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral nutritional supplements vs usual care or control

Infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

It is very uncertain whether oral nutritional supplements changes infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review