Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,315 questions · 23,557 findings · 2,311 reviews

No studies found 4,183 · 17.8%GRADE not reported 3,930 · 16.7%Very low 5,371 · 22.8%Low 5,787 · 24.6%Moderate 3,320 · 14.1%High 966 · 4.1%

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Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease

It is very uncertain whether angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors changes micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in all‐cause death Median compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular mortality · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in cardiovascular death Median compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids

Growth during the first month of life · preterm born neonates
3 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids

Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm born neonates

Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcome assessed by any standard tool compared with late amino acids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control

Infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) showed no clear difference in infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral nutritional supplements vs usual care or control

Infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

It is very uncertain whether oral nutritional supplements changes infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control

Non‐infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) showed no clear difference in non‐ infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment

Readmission for phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening probably leads to lower readmission for phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia compared with visual assessment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment

Exchange transfusion · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening showed no clear difference in exchange transfusion compared with visual assessment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review