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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,703 questions · 15,007 findings · 1,416 reviews

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No studies found 2,881 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 1,551 · 10.3%Very low 3,111 · 20.7%Low 3,881 · 25.9%Moderate 2,669 · 17.8%High 914 · 6.1%

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Summary of findings table ‐ Corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

Summary of findings table ‐ Corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with standard care (plus/minus placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality up to 120 days · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Corticosteroids plus standard care changes all‐cause mortality up to 120 days compared with standard care (plus/minus placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Clinical improvement: discharged alive ( · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

Summary of findings table ‐ Corticosteroids plus standard care may leads to higher clinical improvement: discharged alive ( compared with standard care (plus/minus placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Clinical worsening: new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

Summary of findings table ‐ Corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in clinical worsening: new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or… compared with standard care (plus/minus placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Admission to hospital or death · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to lower admission to hospital or death compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Resolution of symptoms · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to higher symptom resolution: all initial symptoms resolved at day 14 compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Time to symptom resolution · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in symptom resolution: duration to symptoms resolved compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care changes serious adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Infections · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in infections compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review