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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,000 questions in 69 reviews · Urology
current versionsNo studies 196 · 19.6%Ungraded 33 · 3.3%Very low 198 · 19.8%Low 354 · 35.4%Moderate 206 · 20.6%High 13 · 1.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blockers alone IPSS‐total score Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 193 participants | Low |
PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blockers alone BPHII score Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PDEI plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blockers alone Adverse effects Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.81 [1.53, 5.17] | 4 studies · 194 participants | Moderate |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Self‐reported potency · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.91, 1.41] | 4 studies · 628 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Sexual quality of life · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 280 participants | Moderate |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Treatment discontinuation · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.85, 1.48] | 1 study · 420 participants | Moderate |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment International Index of Erectile Function ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Self‐reported potency · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.62, 1.53] | 2 studies · 532 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Erectile function · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.65, 1.55] | 2 studies · 573 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Serious adverse events · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.12, 4.04] | 1 study · 282 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Sexual quality of life ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Treatment discontinuation · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.85, 2.12] | 1 study · 282 participants | Low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I International Index of Erectile Function · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 281 participants | High |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Self‐reported potency · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.6, 1.67] | 1 study · 94 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Erectile function · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.8, 1.55] | 5 studies · 757 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Erectile function · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.48, 1.14] | 2 studies · 168 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Sexual quality of life · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 281 participants | Moderate |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I Treatment discontinuation · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.86, 1.38] | 3 studies · 612 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I International Index of Erectile Function ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs scheduled intraurethral prostaglandin E1 Self‐reported potency · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.79, 1.52] | 1 study · 156 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs scheduled intraurethral prostaglandin E1 Erectile function · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.64 [0.84, 3.2] | 1 study · 156 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs scheduled intraurethral prostaglandin E1 Erectile function · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.79, 1.81] | 1 study · 156 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs scheduled intraurethral prostaglandin E1 Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs scheduled intraurethral prostaglandin E1 Sexual quality of life ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Serious adverse events · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.11, 0.94] | 3 studies · 443 participants | Low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs scheduled intraurethral prostaglandin E1 Treatment discontinuation ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs scheduled intraurethral prostaglandin E1 International Index of Erectile Function ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Sexual quality of life ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Treatment discontinuation · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.72, 1.34] | 3 studies · 443 participants | Very low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment International Index of Erectile Function · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (short‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 356 participants | Low |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Self‐reported potency ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Erectile function ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · post‐prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (long‐term) Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs sham procedure Prostatitis Symptoms · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 204 participants | Moderate |
Acupuncture vs medical treatment Sexual dysfunction ‐ not reported · treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs medical treatment Quality of life ‐ not reported · treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs medical treatment Depression and anxiety ‐ not reported · treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Circumcision plus usual care vs waiting list plus usual care Prostatitis symptoms · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 713 participants | Moderate |
Circumcision plus usual care vs waiting list plus usual care Adverse events3 · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.86, 1.76] | 1 study · 713 participants | Low |
Circumcision plus usual care vs waiting list plus usual care Sexual dysfunction ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Circumcision plus usual care vs waiting list plus usual care Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Circumcision plus usual care vs waiting list plus usual care Depression and anxiety ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electromagnetic chair vs control intervention Prostatitis symptoms · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 57 participants | Very low |
Electromagnetic chair vs control intervention Adverse events · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 57 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs sham procedure Prostatitis Symptoms · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.49 [0.77, 8.02] | 2 studies · 113 participants | Very low |
Electromagnetic chair vs control intervention Sexual dysfunction ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electromagnetic chair vs control intervention Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electromagnetic chair vs control intervention Depression and anxiety ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle modifications vs control Prostatitis symptoms: response defined as 6‐point decrease in NIH‐CPSI score · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.9 [2.2, 6.92] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |