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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
970 questions in 77 reviews · Epilepsy
current versionsNo studies 190 · 19.6%Ungraded 42 · 4.3%Very low 135 · 13.9%Low 289 · 29.8%Moderate 242 · 24.9%High 72 · 7.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intranasal lorazepam Seizure recurrence within 24 hours · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intranasal lorazepam Incidence of admissions to the ICU · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Seizure cessation: within 5 minutes to 1 hour · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [1.13, 1.38] | 4 studies · 648 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Time from drug administration to of seizures · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 141 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Incidence of respiratory depression · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.61, 1.25] | 4 studies · 648 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Additional drugs required to stop the seizure: intravenous lorazepam required · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.42, 0.79] | 1 study · 177 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Seizure recurrence within 24 hours · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Lorazepam vs diazepam Incidence of respiratory depression · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.55, 0.93] | 3 studies · 439 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Incidence of admissions to the ICU · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Seizure cessation · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.8, 1.03] | 1 study · 120 participants | High |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Time from drug administration to termination of seizures · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Incidence of respiratory depression · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | High |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Additional drugs required to stop the seizure · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Seizure recurrence within 24 hours · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Buccal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Incidence of admissions to the ICU · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Seizure cessation · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.91, 1.06] | 2 studies · 122 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Time from drug administration to stopping of seizures · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 122 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Incidence of respiratory depression · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 122 participants | High |
Summary of findings ‐ Lorazepam vs diazepam Additional drugs required to terminate the seizure: additional dose of study drug · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.64, 1.2] | 3 studies · 439 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Additional drugs required to stop the seizure · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Seizure recurrence within 24 hours · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Incidence of admissions to the ICU · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | High |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Seizure cessation: within 10 minutes · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.47 [1, 2.16] | 1 study · 45 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Time from drug administration to termination of seizures · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Incidence of respiratory depression · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Additional drugs required to stop the seizure · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.1, 1.03] | 1 study · 45 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Seizure recurrence within 24 hours · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intranasal midazolam vs rectal diazepam Incidence of admissions to the ICU · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Seizure cessation · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.87, 1.09] | 2 studies · 105 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Lorazepam vs diazepam Seizure recurrence within 24 hours · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.61, 1.2] | 3 studies · 439 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Time from drug administration to stopping of seizures: total time to seizure cessation · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 105 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Incidence of respiratory depression · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 105 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Additional drugs required to terminate the seizure · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [0.35, 5.13] | 2 studies · 105 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Seizure recurrence within 24 hours: within one hour · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.27, 2.62] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Incidence of admissions to the ICU · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 81 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs rectal diazepam Seizure cessation · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.93, 1.12] | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs rectal diazepam Time from drug administration to stopping of seizures · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs rectal diazepam Incidence of respiratory depression · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs rectal diazepam Additional drugs required to stop the seizure · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs rectal diazepam Seizure recurrence within 24 hours · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Lorazepam vs diazepam Incidence of admissions to the ICU · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.15 [0.02, 0.98] | 1 study · 86 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Intramuscular midazolam vs rectal diazepam Incidence of admissions to the ICU · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Seizure cessation · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.97, 1.21] | 1 study · 80 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Time from drug administration to stopping of seizures · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Incidence of respiratory depression · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.95] | 1 study · 80 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Additional drugs required to stop the seizure: additional dose of the trial drug required · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.14] | 1 study · 80 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Seizure recurrence within 24 hours · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.1, 2.58] | 1 study · 80 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous midazolam vs intravenous diazepam Incidence of admissions to the ICU · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous midazolam vs intravenous lorazepam Seizure cessation · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.91, 1.04] | 1 study · 80 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous midazolam vs intravenous lorazepam Time from drug administration to termination of seizures · Children with acute tonic‐clonic seizures Drug management for acute tonic‐clonic convulsions including convulsive status epilepticus in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Moderate |