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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
767 questions in 53 reviews · Back and Neck
current versionsNo studies 149 · 19.4%Ungraded 41 · 5.3%Very low 168 · 21.9%Low 226 · 29.5%Moderate 156 · 20.3%High 27 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
spinal manipulative therapy plus any intervention vs the intervention alone Pain VAS. Scale from: 0‐100 (worse pain). · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1000 participants | High |
spinal manipulative therapy plus any intervention vs the intervention alone Functional status Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 to 24 (worse function). · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 156 participants | Low |
spinal manipulative therapy plus any intervention vs the intervention alone Functional status Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 to 24 (worse function) . · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1078 participants | High |
spinal manipulative therapy plus any intervention vs the intervention alone Functional status Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 to 24 (worse function). · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 994 participants | High |
spinal manipulative therapy plus any intervention vs the intervention alone Recovery at one month · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | RR 3.4 [1.12, 10.28] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions Recovery at 1 month · patients with chronic low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.49, 2.19] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions Recovery at 3 months · patients with chronic low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.56, 1.65] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) vs sham SMT Pain VAS. Scale from: 0‐100 (worse pain). · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 148 participants | Very low |
spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) vs sham SMT Pain VAS. Scale from: 0‐100 (worse pain). · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) vs sham SMT Pain VAS. Scale from: 0‐100 (worse pain). · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) vs sham SMT Functional status Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Scale from 0 to 24 (worse function). · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 65 participants | Very low |
spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) vs sham SMT Functional status Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 to 24 (worse function). · patients with chronic LBP Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
workplace interventions vs no intervention Current pain at 10/12 months · patients with neck pain Workplace interventions for neck pain in workers (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 267 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatment vs waiting list control Pain intensity VAS scale (0‐100) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 74 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain intensity various scales long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 61 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 47 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 51 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 61 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 47 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 51 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Functional status (generic) various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 77 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Functional status (generic) various scales intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 61 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Functional status (generic) various scales long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 66 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatment vs waiting list control Functional status (generic) various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 74 participants | Low |
Intervention NR CI: Confidence interval · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Pain intensity VAS (0‐100) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 330 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Pain intensity VAS (0‐100) intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 319 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Functional status (back‐specific) various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 330 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Functional status (back‐specific) various scales intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 319 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Pain intensity Pain Rating Index (0‐45) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 146 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Pain intensity Pain Rating Index (0‐45) intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 137 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Pain intensity Pain Rating Index (0‐45) long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 136 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Depression various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 146 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Depression various scales intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 137 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatment vs waiting list control Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 58 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Depression various scales long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 136 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments Functional status (back specific) Oswestry Disability Index (0‐100) long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 345 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments CI: Confidence interval · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone Pain intensity 5‐point scale short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 59 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone Pain intensity 5‐point scale intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 45 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 59 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 50 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 59 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 51 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone Pain intensity various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 405 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatment vs waiting list control Pain intensity various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 64 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone CI: Confidence interval · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatment vs waiting list control Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 87 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Behavioural treatment vs waiting list control Depression various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 103 participants | Low |