Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

416 questions · 426 findings · 56 reviews

No studies found 109 · 25.6%GRADE not reported 23 · 5.4%Very low 109 · 25.6%Low 106 · 24.9%Moderate 64 · 15%High 15 · 3.5%

Psychosocial interventions vs treatment

Number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention may leads to higher number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions vs treatment

Number of women who completed treatment ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in number of women who completed treatment ‐ total compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Three‐ to five‐minute wait between paracervical block injection and cervical dilation vs no wait between paracervical block injection and cervical dilation

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at less than 11 weeks' gestation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Spontaneous vaginal birth · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models probably leads to higher spontaneous vaginal birth (as defined by trial authors) compared with other models of care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Caesarean section · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models probably leads to lower caesarean birth compared with other models of care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Regional analgesia (epidural/spinal) · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models changes regional analgesia (epidural/spinal) compared with other models of care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Intact perineum · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models showed no clear difference in intact perineum compared with other models of care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Fetal loss at or after 24 weeks gestation · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models changes fetal loss at or after 24 weeks gestation compared with other models of care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Preterm birth · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with other models of care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity models vs other models of care

Neonatal death (baby born alive at any gestation and dies within 28 days) · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models changes neonatal death (baby born alive at any gestation and dies within 28… compared with other models of care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Number of infants with feed interruption episodes (lasting ≥ 12 hours) · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual changes number of infants with feed interruption episodes (lasting ≥ 12 hours) compared with quality of gastric residual alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Risk of invasive Infection · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual showed no clear difference in risk of invasive Infection compared with quality of gastric residual alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Mortality before hospital discharge · feed interruption while monitoring gastric residual

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with quality of gastric residual alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review