Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

480 questions · 484 findings · 52 reviews · Musculoskeletal

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No studies found 114 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 24 · 5%Very low 33 · 6.8%Low 145 · 30%Moderate 116 · 24%High 52 · 10.7%

Balneotherapy vs placebo

Adverse events Not reported · patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Chondroitin vs placebo

Pain on a 0 to 100 mm scale ‐ Short‐term studies (< 6 months)—dose ≥ 800 mg/d · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1077 participants
Low

Chondroitin with or without glucosamine vs placebo or control

Composite Measure of Pain, Function and Disability as · patients with osteoarthritis

2 findings from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1756 participants
Low
Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 2334 participants
Moderate

Chondroitin with or without glucosamine vs placebo or control

Pain (short‐ and long‐term) Scale from 0 to 100 (lower is better) · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 3038 participants
Low

Chondroitin with or without glucosamine vs placebo or control

Physical function · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1163 participants
Moderate

Chondroitin vs placebo

Pain on a 0 to 100 scale ‐ Long‐term studies (≥ 6 months)—dose ≥ 800 mg/d · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 989 participants
Low

Chondroitin vs placebo

WOMAC MCII Pain subscale (reduction in knee pain by 20%) ‐ Long‐term studies (≥ 6 months)—dose ≥ 800 mg/d · patients with osteoarthritis

Chondroitin leads to higher WOMAC MCII Pain subscale (reduction in knee pain by 20%) ‐ Long‐term… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [1.01, 1.24]
2 studies · 1253 participants
High

Chondroitin vs placebo

Composite Measure of Pain, Function and Disability as · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 903 participants
Moderate

Radiographic Outcome: Reduction in Minimum Joint Space Width (JSW) in mm ‐ Long‐term studies (≥ 6 months)—dose ≥ 800 mg/d Scale: millimeters (smaller decrease in reduction in minimum joint space width is better) · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 922 participants
High

Chondroitin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Chondroitin showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.74, 1.57]
10 studies · 2406 participants
Moderate

Chondroitin vs placebo

Number of serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Chondroitin probably leads to lower number of serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.4 [0.19, 0.82]
6 studies · 954 participants
Moderate

Chondroitin with or without glucosamine vs placebo or control

Pain (short‐ and long‐term) Scale from 0 to 100 mm (lower is better) · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 2262 participants
Low

Chondroitin with or without glucosamine vs placebo or control

WOMAC MCII Pain subscale (reduction in knee pain by 20%) ‐ Long‐term studies (≥ 6 months)—dose ≥ 800 mg/d · patients with osteoarthritis

Chondroitin with or without glucosamine leads to higher WOMAC MCII Pain subscale (reduction in knee pain by 20%) Long‐term… compared with placebo/control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [1.01, 1.24]
2 studies · 1253 participants
High

Traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

Pain (short term) WOMAC scale from 0 to 20 points (higher is worse pain). · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
850 participants
High

COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo

BASDAI Scale from 0 to 100 (higher is worse) · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
193 participants
Moderate

COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo

BASFI Scale from 0 to 100 (higher is worse) · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA)

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
349 participants
High

COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo

BASMI Scale from 0 to 10 (higher is worse) · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo

Radiographic progression · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo

Number of serious adverse events · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA)

COX‐2 NSAIDs showed no clear difference in number of serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.14, 6.21]
669 participants
Moderate

Traditional NSAIDs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA)

Traditional NSAIDs showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events Due to adverse events compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.46, 1.21]
1165 participants
High