Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

314 questions · 335 findings · 34 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 57 · 17%GRADE not reported 2 · 0.6%Very low 87 · 26%Low 114 · 34%Moderate 60 · 17.9%High 15 · 4.5%

Ocrelizumab vs interferon beta‐1a

Number of participants with new or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions on MRI · patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

Ocrelizumab may leads to lower number of participants with new or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions… compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sunitinib vs IFN‐α (targeted agent versus classic immunotherapy)

Progression‐free survival (PSF) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type)

Sunitinib probably leads to lower progression‐free survival (absolute effect size estimates based on… compared with interferon‐α (IFN‐α) (targeted agent versus classic immunotherapy) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sunitinib vs IFN‐α (targeted agent versus classic immunotherapy)

Overall survival (absolute effect size estimates based on survival rate at 24 months) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type)

Sunitinib showed no clear difference in overall survival (absolute effect size estimates based on survival… compared with interferon‐α (IFN‐α) (targeted agent versus classic immunotherapy) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sunitinib vs IFN‐α (targeted agent versus classic immunotherapy)

Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type)

Sunitinib probably leads to higher serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4)assessed as: CTCAE v3.0 compared with interferon‐α (IFN‐α) (targeted agent versus classic immunotherapy) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fingolimod 0.5 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Participants free from MRI gadolinium‐enhancing lesions · patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

Fingolimod 0.5 mg probably leads to higher participants free from MRI gadolinium‐enhancing lesions compared with interferon beta‐1a (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Recurrence · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

It is very uncertain whether intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α changes recurrence compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease progression · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in progression compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events ‐ not measured · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease‐specific mortality ‐ not reported · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

It is very uncertain whether intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α changes disease‐specific mortality compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Disease‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Time to recurrence · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α may leads to higher time‐to‐recurrence compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Time to progression · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in time‐to‐progression compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review