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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,703 questions · 15,007 findings · 1,416 reviews

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No studies found 2,881 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 1,551 · 10.3%Very low 3,111 · 20.7%Low 3,881 · 25.9%Moderate 2,669 · 17.8%High 914 · 6.1%

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Synbiotic vs placebo

Global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary study · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

Synbiotics may leads to higher global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary study compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary study · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

Probiotic may leads to higher global improvement/treatment success as defined by primary study compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

Probiotic showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo

Heart failure · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines

Dexrazoxane probably leads to lower clinical heart failure Available case analysis compared with no cardioprotective intervention or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review