Withdrawal (all‐cause) · participants with stable stage 3 COPD, smokers and ex‐smokers with a minimum pack‐year history of 20
Beclometasone/LABA showed no clear difference in withdrawal (all‐cause) compared with LABA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 · participants with stable stage 2 and 3 COPD (mainly FEV1 49 ± 12% predicted), ex‐smokers (majority), smokers and non‐smokers
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) · participants with stable stage 2 and 3 COPD (mainly FEV1 49 ± 12% predicted), ex‐smokers (majority), smokers and non‐smokers
It is very uncertain whether beclometasone changes mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
SGRQ Total SGRQ (Total) Score. Scale from: 0 to 100. Lower score indicates better quality of life. · patients with COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospitalisation · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in hospitalisation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Readmission to hospital, inpatient. Number of people experiencing one or more readmissions ( · exacerbations of COPD
The intervention probably leads to lower readmission to hospital, inpatient. Number of people experiencing… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality ( · exacerbations of COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality ( (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Patient satisfaction Number of people stating to be very satisfied with treatment ( · exacerbations of COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in patient satisfaction Number of people stating to be very satisfied… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Carer satisfaction Number of carers stating to be very satisfied with treatment ( · exacerbations of COPD
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes carer satisfaction Number of carers stating to be very satisfied… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
FEV1 litres · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Quality of life SGRQ ( · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Direct costs ( · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Annual Exacerbation Rates · COPD
Combined inhalers may leads to lower annual Exacerbation Rates compared with LABAs (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to lower number of people experiencing one or more exacerbations compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Annual hospitalisation rates · COPD
It is very uncertain whether combined inhalers changes annual hospitalisation rates compared with LABAs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · COPD
Combined inhalers showed no clear difference in mortality compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to higher pneumonia compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Serious adverse events ‐ Haemodilution versus control. · patients with liver resection.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Number requiring allogeneic blood transfusion ‐ Low central venous pressure (CVP) versus control. · patients with liver resection.
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number requiring allogeneic blood transfusion ‐ Low central venous… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review