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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
10,375 questions in 429 reviews · Oral Health
current versionsNo studies 1,344 · 13%Ungraded 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
EMP + CAF vs SCTG + CAF Gingival recession change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.39 [-1.27, 0.48] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |
Sealapex (eugenol-free calcium hydroxide) vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 5.00 [0.26, 98.00] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth vs Orthodontic treatment involving extraction of permanent teeth Participant discomfort · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth) Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Resorbable (bioresorbable) plates or screws for fixation vs Titanium plates or screws for fixation Exposure of the plate (adverse effect) · Adults (>16 years old) undergoing orthognathic surgery · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery (2017) · Cochrane | Both titanium and resorbable groups experienced two plate exposures which occurred between the third and ninth month, with plate exposure rates of 1.02% for the titanium group and 1.21% for the resorbable group. All… | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
ART using resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) vs Conventional treatment using RM-GIC Participant experience · Older adults with root caries in permanent (mature) teeth (mean age 75 years) Atraumatic restorative treatment versus conventional restorative treatment for managing dental caries (2017) · Cochrane | No studies reported on participant experience for this comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs Placebo Normalcy of diet (mean worst ability to eat, 1 to 4 scale) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment · BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | MD -0.50 [-1.21, 0.21] | 1 study · 42 participants | Ungraded |
Ibuprofen taken pre-emptively (about 1 hour before treatment) vs Ibuprofen taken post-treatment Rescue analgesia · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies) Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.3, 1.9] | 2 studies · 41 participants | Ungraded |
Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), oral spray vs Placebo Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults receiving chemotherapy alone for colorectal cancer Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.10, 0.48] | 1 study · 99 participants | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo Clinical attachment level · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women (2017) · Cochrane | MD -0.13 [-0.23, -0.03] | 1 study · 53 participants | Ungraded |
Bethanechol vs Artificial saliva Xerostomia (dry mouth, yes/no) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region · 8 to 40 weeks postRT Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.30, 1.05] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) vs Placebo or no treatment Interruptions to cancer treatment (radiotherapy interruptions) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment · RT to head and neck Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.01, 4.31] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash Interruptions to cancer treatment · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck · RT to head and neck Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.36] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Open surgical exposure vs Closed surgical exposure Gum health: midbuccal gingival recession (mm) · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages… · 3 months post-debond Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth (2017) · Cochrane | MD -0.02 [-0.21, 0.16] | 2 studies · 105 participants | Ungraded |
Metal-free implant-supported FDPs (zirconia-toughened alumina; In-Ceram Zirconia) vs Metal-free implant-supported FDPs (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia; Denzir) Periodontal/peri-implant status (secondary outcomes) · Adults (18 years or older) needing an implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis in the posterior region Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | No data were presented for any of the pre-specified secondary outcomes. Follow-up visits registered pocket depth, bleeding on probing and mobility but the data were not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs Control (placebo or no treatment) Pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies) · 2 hours Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment (2017) · Cochrane | MD -11.66 [-16.15, -7.17] | 10 studies · 685 participants | Moderate |
Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse Salivary flow rate · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | No data on salivary flow rates were reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Bethanechol vs Artificial saliva Salivary flow rate (unstimulated, ml/min) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region · End of RT Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.12 [0.01, 0.23] | 1 study · 36 participants | Ungraded |
Palifermin vs Placebo Progression-free survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region · 42 to 72 months from baseline Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | HR 1.06 [0.80, 1.42] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Bethanechol vs Artificial saliva Overall survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region · 40 weeks postRT Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.59 [0.43, 5.84] | 1 study · 43 participants | Ungraded |
Resorbable (bioresorbable) plates or screws for fixation vs Titanium plates or screws for fixation Occurrence of sinus tract (adverse effect) · Adults (>16 years old) undergoing orthognathic surgery · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery (2017) · Cochrane | Five patients (three in the titanium group and two in the resorbable group) developed a non-infected sinus tract. The sinus tracts arose earlier in the titanium group (sixth week) than in the resorbable group (third… | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Open surgical exposure vs Closed surgical exposure Gum health: periodontal probing depth · People with maxillary palatally displaced (impacted) canines, unilateral or bilateral (children/adolescents; mean ages… · 3 months post-debond Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth (2017) · Cochrane | MD -0.14 [-0.48, 0.20] | 1 study · 43 participants | Ungraded |
Metal-free FDPs (lithium disilicate) vs Metal-ceramic FDPs Aesthetic evaluation · Adults (18 years or older) needing a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | No data were presented with regard to aesthetics. | 0 studies | No studies |
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), oral spray vs Placebo Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment · Chemoradiotherapy to the head and neck Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.59, 1.80] | 1 study · 136 participants | Ungraded |
Amifostine vs No treatment/placebo Dysphagia (grade >= 3, 0-4 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region · End of RT; up to 3 months postRT Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.50 [0.17, 1.48] | 2 studies · 73 participants | Ungraded |
Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse Side effects · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | No data on adverse events were reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) vs Placebo or no treatment Adverse events · Adults with cancer receiving treatment Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | Adverse events attributed to GM-CSF typically bone pain, nausea, fever and headache; not reported as serious; reporting poor and inconsistent (SoF comments cell, not GRADE-rated) | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse Survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | Tumour response by RECIST criteria reported for a specific group of patients only; no usable survival data (Watanabe 2010) | 1 study | Ungraded |
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs Placebo Oral mucositis (any severity) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment · BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.88, 1.05] | 4 studies · 655 participants | Ungraded |
ART using high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (H-GIC), hand instruments vs Conventional treatment using H-GIC (rotary instruments) Participant experience (discomfort during procedure) · People with dental caries in primary teeth (mainly children) · Multiple lesions, children 6 to 8 years Atraumatic restorative treatment versus conventional restorative treatment for managing dental caries (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.95 [0.51, 1.79] | 1 study · 220 participants | Ungraded |
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) vs Placebo or no treatment Oral mucositis (any severity) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment · BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.80, 1.04] | 1 study · 90 participants | Ungraded |
Chinese medicine vs No treatment/placebo Salivary flow rate (stimulated) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region · End of RT Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.09 [0.03, 0.15] | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
ART using composite resin vs Conventional treatment using composite resin Participant experience (dental anxiety) · Children with dental caries in primary teeth (mean age 7 years) Atraumatic restorative treatment versus conventional restorative treatment for managing dental caries (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.00 [-0.52, 0.52] | 1 study · 57 participants | Ungraded |
Palifermin vs Placebo Xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-4 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region · Up to and including 3 months postRT Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.77, 1.22] | 3 studies · 471 participants | Low |
Metal-free FDPs (zirconia ceramic) vs Metal-ceramic FDPs Bridge failure · Adults (18 years or older) needing a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) · 12 and 36 months Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | At 12 months and at 36 months 34 participants were available for analysis. No FDP failure was reported in either treatment approach at either time. | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Bonded molar tubes (attached with adhesive) vs Molar bands (cemented, e.g. with glass ionomer cement) Adverse events (illness, allergy, bad taste, mucosal trauma) · Participants with full arch fixed orthodontic appliance(s) with molar tubes bonded to first or second permanent… Adhesives for bonded molar tubes during fixed brace treatment (2017) · Cochrane | No other adverse events identified | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Topical NSAID (ketoprofen lysinate mouthwash, 160 mg) vs Topical NSAID (benzidamine hydrochloride mouthwash, 22.5 mg) Time off school or work · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies) Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment (2017) · Cochrane | The study did not report this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) vs Metal implant abutments (titanium) Marginal bone level change (MBLC) · Adults (18 years or older) with one missing tooth in the aesthetic zone needing an implant-supported single crown on… · 12 months, Distal Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | MD -0.05 [-0.15, 0.04] | 2 studies · 47 participants | Ungraded |
Metal-free implant-supported FDPs (zirconia-toughened alumina; In-Ceram Zirconia) vs Metal-free implant-supported FDPs (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia; Denzir) Bridge complications · Adults (18 years or older) needing an implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis in the posterior region · 60 months Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.02 [0.00, 0.42] | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, polishing, or surgery), alone or with oral hygiene counselling, antiseptics, or antimicrobials vs No treatment Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.70, 1.10] | 11 studies · 5671 participants | Low |
Antiseptic mouthrinse vs Placebo Drooling (hyposialosis) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region · 4 weeks from baseline Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.46, 4.39] | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |
Zinc supplements (zinc sulphate, zinc gluconate, zinc picolinate, zinc acetate, or polaprezinc) vs Placebo Taste discrimination improvement · Patients with taste disturbances (dysgeusia/hypogeusia; idiopathic, zinc-deficient, or secondary to chronic renal… Interventions for managing taste disturbances (2017) · Cochrane | Results: Matson 2003 used zinc sulphate for testing taste discrimination (sip and spit method); the trial did not report the details of the placebo group and thus the results could not be meta-analysed. Not GRADE-rated. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs Placebo Number of days in hospital · Adults with cancer receiving treatment · BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.00 [-1.64, 1.64] | 1 study · 281 participants | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo Low birth weight < 2500 g · Pregnant women considered to have periodontal disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) after dental examination Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.92, 2.09] | 1 study · 756 participants | Very low |
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) vs Placebo or no treatment Oral mucositis (any severity) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment · RT to head and neck Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.82, 1.23] | 1 study · 29 participants | Ungraded |
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) vs Placebo or no treatment Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment · BMT/SCT after conditioning for mixed cancers Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.33, 1.67] | 3 studies · 235 participants | Low |
Pilocarpine vs No treatment/placebo Quality of life (McMaster HNRQ, 1-7 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region · Up to and including 6 months postRT Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy (2017) · Cochrane | MD 0.20 [-0.19, 0.59] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Resorbable (bioresorbable) plates or screws for fixation vs Titanium plates or screws for fixation Clinical stability of osteotomy segments (VAS 0 to 10) · Adults (>16 years old) undergoing orthognathic surgery · 0 to 24 months (by period) Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery (2017) · Cochrane | Clinical stability of osteotomy segments (Cheung 2004), self-assessed on a VAS (0=very mobile, 10=no mobility) by postoperative period, titanium vs resorbable mean (SD): 0 to 2 weeks 8.10 (1.79) vs 8.47 (2.18), P=0.48;… | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs Placebo Oral mucositis (any severity) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment · Children Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and… (2017) · Cochrane | Two studies of KGF versus placebo in children were unclear in reporting; no usable data could be presented | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Fluoride supplementation (tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) vs Placebo or no treatment Adverse effects (apart from fluorosis) · Pregnant women (for preventing dental caries in the primary teeth of their children) Fluoride supplementation (with tablets, drops, lozenges or chewing gum) in pregnant women for preventing… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study | Ungraded |
ART using H-GIC vs Conventional treatment using amalgam Restoration failure (primary teeth) · Children with dental caries in primary teeth · Single and multiple lesions Atraumatic restorative treatment versus conventional restorative treatment for managing dental caries (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.15 [0.73, 6.35] | 2 studies | Ungraded |