Invasive fungal infection · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to hospital or death · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to lower admission to hospital or death compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Resolution of symptoms · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to higher symptom resolution: all initial symptoms resolved at day 14 compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to symptom resolution · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in symptom resolution: duration to symptoms resolved compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care changes serious adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Infections · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in infections compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause mortality (up to day 28) · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality (up to day 60) · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in clinical status: discharged alive or hospitalised, but no longer requiring ongoing medical care (up to day 28) · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical worsening: new need for invasive mechanical ventilation or death · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events: all grades · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary infection · hospitalised people with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical improvement D28
Anakinra showed no clear difference in clinical improvement D28 compared with standard care/placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to WHO Clinical Progression Score of level 7 or above
Anakinra may leads to lower time to WHO Clinical Progression Score of level 7 or above compared with standard care/placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to death
Anakinra showed no clear difference in time to death compared with standard care/placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical improvement D28
Canakinumab showed no clear difference in clinical improvement D28 compared with standard care/placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review