Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,749 questions · 17,858 findings · 1,266 reviews

No studies found 4,359 · 24.4%GRADE not reported 2,348 · 13.1%Very low 4,634 · 25.9%Low 4,000 · 22.4%Moderate 2,052 · 11.5%High 465 · 2.6%

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Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Complications requiring unplanned return to theatre Subtalar arthrodesis · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures

Surgical showed no clear difference in complications requiring unplanned return to theatre Subtalar… compared with non‐surgical management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Application of heat vs application of cold

At least a clinically significant reduction in pain within 6 hours Reported in studies as: clinically improved or reduced pain,a or cessation of pain at end of treatmentb · people stung accidentally by bluebottle jellyfish (Physalia) and box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box…

It is very uncertain whether application of heat changes at least a clinically significant reduction in pain within 6 hours… compared with application of cold (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Clinically significant reduction in pain · people stung accidentally by box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box jellyfish; Carybdea alata) and healthy…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cessation of pain at end of treatmenta · people stung accidentally by box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box jellyfish; Carybdea alata) and healthy…
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Dermatological signs up to 1 week after the sting · people stung accidentally by box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box jellyfish; Carybdea alata) and healthy…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Application of heat vs application of cold

Adverse events due to treatment Minor adverse events, reported in studies as: exacerbation in pain after treatment; burn as a result of hot‐water immersion, or transient erythema, or adverse effects due to application of ice · people stung accidentally by bluebottle jellyfish (Physalia) and box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box…

It is very uncertain whether application of heat changes adverse events due to treatment Minor adverse events, reported in… compared with application of cold (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Application of heat vs application of cold

Clinically significant reduction in pain · people stung accidentally by bluebottle jellyfish (Physalia) and box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box…

It is very uncertain whether application of heat changes clinically significant reduction in pain at 0 to 1 hour Reported in… compared with application of cold (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Application of heat vs application of cold

Cessation of pain at end of treatmenta · people stung accidentally by bluebottle jellyfish (Physalia) and box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box…

It is very uncertain whether application of heat changes cessation of pain at end of treatmentb compared with application of cold (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Application of heat vs application of cold

Retreatment with the alternative treatment (heat or cold application) at 0 to 1 hour · people stung accidentally by bluebottle jellyfish (Physalia) and box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box…

It is very uncertain whether application of heat changes retreatment with the alternative treatment (heat or cold… compared with application of cold (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Application of heat vs application of cold

Dermatological signs up to 1 week after the sting · people stung accidentally by bluebottle jellyfish (Physalia) and box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box…

It is very uncertain whether application of heat changes dermatological signs up to 1 week after the sting Reported in… compared with application of cold (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

At least a clinically significant reduction in pain within 6 hours Reported in study as complete cessation of pain.a · people stung accidentally by box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box jellyfish; Carybdea alata) and healthy…
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events due to treatment · people stung accidentally by box jellyfish that do not cause Irukandji syndrome (Hawaiian box jellyfish; Carybdea alata) and healthy…
1 finding from 1 review