Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,092 questions · 3,199 findings · 339 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 714 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 181 · 5.7%Very low 695 · 21.7%Low 908 · 28.4%Moderate 568 · 17.8%High 133 · 4.2%

Budesonide vs mesalamine

Serious adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with mesalamine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.17, 3.28]
1 study · 254 participants
Low

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs Entocort EC 9mg

Remission (combined clinical and endoscopic remission) · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg showed no clear difference in remission (combined clinical and endoscopic remission) compared with entocort EC 9mg (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [0.72, 2.65]
1 study · 212 participants
Low

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs placebo

Endoscopic improvement (dichotomous) · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg probably leads to higher endoscopic improvement compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [1.01, 1.66]
2 studies · 442 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs Entocort EC 9mg

Clinical improvement · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg showed no clear difference in clinical improvement compared with entocort EC 9mg (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [0.9, 1.82]
1 study · 212 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs Entocort EC 9mg

Endoscopic improvement (dichotomous) · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg showed no clear difference in endoscopic improvement compared with entocort EC 9mg (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.82, 1.6]
1 study · 212 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs Entocort EC 9mg

Histologic remission · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg showed no clear difference in histologic remission compared with entocort EC 9mg (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.64, 2.31]
1 study · 212 participants
Low

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs Entocort EC 9mg

Serious adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with entocort EC 9mg (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.94 [0.45, 34.74]
1 study · 254 participants
Low

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs Entocort EC 9mg

Adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with entocort EC 9mg (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.81, 1.26]
1 study · 254 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs Entocort EC 9mg

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse events compared with entocort EC 9mg (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.56, 1.58]
1 study · 254 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs placebo

Histologic remission · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg may leads to higher histologic remission compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.51 [1.11, 2.06]
3 studies · 900 participants
Low

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs placebo

Endoscopic remission · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg probably leads to higher endoscopic remission compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.56 [1.13, 2.16]
2 studies · 695 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs placebo

Serious adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.33, 2.4]
2 studies · 513 participants
Low

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs placebo

Adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 9 mg showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.95, 1.26]
3 studies · 971 participants
Moderate

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo

Remission (combined clinical and endoscopic remission) · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg showed no clear difference in remission (combined clinical and endoscopic remission compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.8 [0.94, 3.42]
2 studies · 440 participants
Low

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo

Clinical improvement · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis

Budesonide MMX® 6 mg showed no clear difference in clinical improvement compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.73, 1.33]
2 studies · 440 participants
Low

Supplementation with folate vs no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate (neonatal outcomes)

Neural tube defects (All) · all women who become pregnant or were 12 or less weeks' pregnant at the time of the intervention

Supplementation with folate leads to lower neural tube defects (All) compared with no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.31 [0.17, 0.58]
5 studies · 6708 participants
High

Supplementation with folate vs no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate (neonatal outcomes)

Miscarriage · all women who become pregnant or were 12 or less weeks' pregnant at the time of the intervention

Supplementation with folate showed no clear difference in miscarriage (All) compared with no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.94, 1.28]
5 studies · 7391 participants
Moderate

Supplementation with folate vs no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate (neonatal outcomes)

Cleft lip (All) · all women who become pregnant or were 12 or less weeks' pregnant at the time of the intervention

Supplementation with folate showed no clear difference in cleft lip (All) compared with no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.14, 4.36]
3 studies · 5612 participants
Low

Supplementation with folate vs no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate (neonatal outcomes)

Cleft palate (All) · all women who become pregnant or were 12 or less weeks' pregnant at the time of the intervention

Supplementation with folate showed no clear difference in cleft palate (All) compared with no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.05, 10.89]
3 studies · 5612 participants
Low

Supplementation with folate vs no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate (neonatal outcomes)

Congenital cardiovascular anomalies (All) · all women who become pregnant or were 12 or less weeks' pregnant at the time of the intervention

Supplementation with folate showed no clear difference in congenital cardiovascular anomalies (All) compared with no intervention, placebo or other micronutrients without folate… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.24, 1.33]
3 studies · 5612 participants
Low