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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,971 questions · 9,849 findings · 853 reviews

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No studies found 1,150 · 11.7%GRADE not reported 3,387 · 34.4%Very low 1,963 · 19.9%Low 1,809 · 18.4%Moderate 1,207 · 12.3%High 333 · 3.4%

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Routine 4‐hourly vaginal examinations vs routine 2‐hourly vaginal examinations

Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

It is very uncertain whether routine 4‐hourly vaginal examinations changes augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: 109(1 RCT) compared with routine 2‐hourly vaginal examinations (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine 4‐hourly vaginal examinations vs routine 2‐hourly vaginal examinations

Spontaneous vaginal birth · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

It is very uncertain whether routine 4‐hourly vaginal examinations changes spontaneous vaginal birth (primary outcome)№ of participants: 150(1… compared with routine 2‐hourly vaginal examinations (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: (0 studies) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations may leads to higher augmentation of labour (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Spontaneous vaginal birth · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal birth (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1… compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Chorioamnionitis · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in chorioamnionitis (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Neonatal infection · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in neonatal infection (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vaginal examination vs vaginal examinations

Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · primiparous pregnant women in labour at term

Routine vaginal examinations showed no clear difference in admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) compared with vaginal examinations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review