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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin

current versions

No studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Oral antibiotic vs placebo Minor adverse events not requiring withdrawal from treatment · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 68 participants	Very low
Oral antibiotic vs placebo Emergence of antibiotic‐resistant micro‐organisms · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 98 participants	Very low
Oral antibiotic vs placebo Global change in composite ratings scale EASI ranges from 0 to 72 with higher values indicating greater severity. · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 68 participants	Moderate
Oral antibiotic vs placebo No of participants in whom S. aureus was isolated · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.76 [0.46, 1.26]	3 studies · 144 participants	Low
Bleach bath vs placebo or bath emollient Global outcome (good or excellent improvement in symptoms or signs, or both) · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.78 [0.37, 1.63]	1 study · 36 participants	Low
Bleach bath vs placebo or bath emollient Change from baseline in quality of life CDLQI ranges from 0 to 30 with higher values indicating more impaired quality of life. · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 80 participants	Moderate
Bleach bath vs placebo or bath emollient Adverse events requiring withdrawal from treatment · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 42 participants	Very low
Bleach bath vs placebo or bath emollient Minor adverse events not requiring withdrawal from treatment · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.35, 2.87]	1 study · 36 participants	Low
Bleach bath vs placebo or bath emollient Emergence of antibiotic‐resistant micro‐organisms · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 80 participants	Very low
Topical steroid plus topical antibiotic vs topical steroid Change from baseline in quality of life IDQoL ranges from 0 to 30 with higher values indicating more impaired quality of life · children and adults with eczema Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 42 participants	Moderate
Bleach bath vs placebo or bath emollient Global change in composite ratings scale EASI ranges from 0 to 72 with higher values indicating greater severity. · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 54 participants	Very low
Bleach bath vs placebo or bath emollient No of participants in whom S. aureus was isolated · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical steroid plus topical antibiotic vs topical steroid Adverse events requiring withdrawal from treatment · children and adults with eczema Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.24 [0.21, 7.25]	4 studies · 325 participants	Very low
Topical steroid plus topical antibiotic vs topical steroid Minor adverse events not requiring withdrawal from treatment · children and adults with eczema Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.3 [0.12, 0.78]	2 studies · 218 participants	Very low
Topical steroid plus topical antibiotic vs topical steroid Emergence of antibiotic‐resistant micro‐organisms · children and adults with eczema Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 65 participants	Very low
Topical steroid plus topical antibiotic vs topical steroid Global change in composite ratings scale EASI ranges from 0 to 72, objective SCORAD ranges from 0 to 83 and SCORAD ranges from 0 to 108, with higher values indicating greater severity. · children and adults with eczema Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 256 participants	Low
Topical steroid plus topical antibiotic vs topical steroid No of participants in whom S. aureus was isolated · children and adults with eczema Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.48 [0.27, 0.84]	7 studies · 298 participants	Moderate
Oral antibiotic vs placebo Global outcome (good or excellent improvement in symptoms or signs, or both) · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.8 [0.18, 3.5]	2 studies · 75 participants	Low
Oral antibiotic vs placebo Change from baseline in quality of life IDQoL ranges from 0 to 30 with higher values indicating more impaired quality of life. · children and adults with atopic dermatitis Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 45 participants	Moderate
Corticosteroid creams/ointments: clobetasol propionate foam vs vehicle foam Primary: investigator‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms · participants with moderate to severe hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.43 [0.86, 2.4]	1 study · 125 participants	Moderate
Corticosteroid creams/ointments: mometasone furoate cream 3 times/week vs 2 times/week Secondary: investigator‐rated reduction in severity Not measured · people (all patch‐tested) with hand eczema > 6 months that had cleared upon daily treatment for a maximum of 9 weeks… Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Irradiation with UV light: local narrow‐band UVB vs local PUVA Primary: investigator‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms · people with hand eczema unresponsive to clobetasol propionate Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 0.5 [0.22, 1.16]	1 study · 60 participants	Moderate
Irradiation with UV light: local narrow‐band UVB vs local PUVA Primary: participant‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms Not measured · people with hand eczema unresponsive to clobetasol propionate Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Irradiation with UV light: local narrow‐band UVB vs local PUVA Primary: adverse events ‐ reported adverse events, mainly erythema · people with hand eczema unresponsive to clobetasol propionate Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 19 [1.16, 312.42]	1 study · 60 participants	Moderate
Irradiation with UV light: local narrow‐band UVB vs local PUVA Secondary: investigator‐rated reduction in severity in mTLSSd · people with hand eczema unresponsive to clobetasol propionate Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 43 participants	Moderate
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus 0.1% ointment vs mometasone furoate ointment Primary: investigator‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms ‐ Not measured · people with moderate to severe chronic relapsing dyshidrotic eczema on hands Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus 0.1% ointment vs mometasone furoate ointment Primary: participant‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms ‐ Not measured · people with moderate to severe chronic relapsing dyshidrotic eczema on hands Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus 0.1% ointment vs mometasone furoate ointment Primary: adverse events · people with moderate to severe chronic relapsing dyshidrotic eczema on hands Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 16 participants	Moderate
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus 0.1% ointment vs mometasone furoate ointment Secondary: investigator‐rated reduction in severity ‐ DASIb · people with moderate to severe chronic relapsing dyshidrotic eczema on hands Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 16 participants	Moderate
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus 0.1% ointment vs vehicle Primary: investigator‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms · people with moderate to severe nickel sulphate‐induced allergic contact dermatitis based on clinical history (hand… Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 29 [1.9, 443.25]	1 study · 28 participants	Moderate
Corticosteroid creams/ointments: clobetasol propionate foam vs vehicle foam Primary: participants with self‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms · participants with moderate to severe hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.32 [1.38, 3.91]	1 study · 125 participants	Moderate
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus 0.1% ointment vs vehicle Primary: participant‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms Not measured · people with moderate to severe nickel sulphate‐induced allergic contact dermatitis based on clinical history (hand… Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus 0.1% ointment vs vehicle Primary: adverse events ‐ burning/itching at application site · people with moderate to severe nickel sulphate‐induced allergic contact dermatitis based on clinical history (hand… Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 9 [0.53, 152.93]	1 study · 28 participants	Moderate
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus 0.1% ointment vs vehicle Secondary: investigator‐rated reduction in severity ‐ Not measured · people with moderate to severe nickel sulphate‐induced allergic contact dermatitis based on clinical history (hand… Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral immunosuppressants: oral cyclosporin vs topical betamethasone dipropionate Primary: investigator‐ rated good/excellent control of symptomsb · people with hand eczema, continuously for 6 months, significant disability, inadequate response to conventional… Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.88 [0.88, 3.99]	1 study · 34 participants	Moderate
Oral immunosuppressants: oral cyclosporin vs topical betamethasone dipropionate Primary: participant‐rated good/excellent control of symptomsb · people with hand eczema, continuously for 6 months, significant disability, inadequate response to conventional… Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.25 [0.69, 2.27]	1 study · 34 participants	Moderate
Oral immunosuppressants: oral cyclosporin vs topical betamethasone dipropionate Primary: adverse events ‐ at least 1 adverse event · people with hand eczema, continuously for 6 months, significant disability, inadequate response to conventional… Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.22 [0.8, 1.86]	1 study · 55 participants	Moderate
Oral immunosuppressants: oral cyclosporin vs topical betamethasone dipropionate Secondary: investigator‐rated reduction in severityb · people with hand eczema, continuously for 6 months, significant disability, inadequate response to conventional… Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 34 participants	Moderate
Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 30 mg vs placebo Primary: investigator‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.75 [2.2, 3.43]	2 studies · 1210 participants	High
Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 30 mg vs placebo Primary: participant‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms Folluw‐up: 48 weeks to 72 weeks · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.75 [2.18, 3.48]	2 studies · 1210 participants	High
Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 30 mg vs placebo Primary: adverse events ‐ headache Folluw‐up: 48 weeks to 72 weeks · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 3.43 [2.45, 4.81]	2 studies · 1210 participants	High
Corticosteroid creams/ointments: clobetasol propionate foam vs vehicle foam Primary: adverse events ‐ at least 1 adverse event · participants with moderate to severe hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 2.24 [0.82, 6.06]	1 study · 125 participants	Moderate
Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 30 mg vs placebo Secondary: investigator‐rated reduction in severity in TLSSc and mTLSSd · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 10 mg vs placebo Primary: investigator‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.58 [1.2, 2.07]	2 studies · 781 participants	High
Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 10 mg vs placebo Primary: participant‐rated good/excellent control of symptoms · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.73 [1.25, 2.4]	2 studies · 765 participants	High
Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 10 mg vs placebo Primary: all adverse events · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.66, 1.55]	1 study · 158 participants	Moderate
Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 10 mg vs placebo Secondary: investigator‐rated reduction in severity of TLSSd · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 158 participants	Moderate
Corticosteroid creams/ointments: clobetasol propionate foam vs vehicle foam Primary: adverse events ‐ any adverse event treatment‐related (application site pruritus) · participants with moderate to severe hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.02 [0.06, 15.89]	1 study · 125 participants	Moderate
Corticosteroid creams/ointments: clobetasol propionate foam vs vehicle foam Secondary: reduction in severity, participant‐rated scoring · participants with moderate to severe hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.57 [1.21, 2.04]	1 study · 125 participants	Moderate
Corticosteroid creams/ointments: clobetasol propionate foam vs vehicle foam Secondary: reduction in severity, investigator‐rated scoring ‐ improvement at least 2 grades · participants with moderate to severe hand eczema Interventions for hand eczema (2019) · Cochrane	RR 1.47 [0.9, 2.39]	1 study · 125 participants	Moderate