Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
780 questions in 55 reviews · Public Health
current versionsNo studies 162 · 20.8%Ungraded 52 · 6.7%Very low 231 · 29.6%Low 191 · 24.5%Moderate 122 · 15.6%High 22 · 2.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR dmft measured at more than 1 year of · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 99481 participants | Low |
Intervention NR dmfs measured at two years · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 500 participants | Low |
Intervention NR DMFT · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR DMFS · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR dmft measured up to 1 year · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 114 participants | Low |
Intervention NR dmfs measured at between 1 year and 2 years of · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 543 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR DMFT measured at up to 1 year post intervention · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1458 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR DMFS · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR dmfs · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR DMFS · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR dmft · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR DMFT · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 548 participants | Low |
Intervention NR DMFS · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR dmfs · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR dmft · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR dmft measured up to 1 year · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 340 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR dmfs measured up to 1 year · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 510 participants | Low |
Intervention NR DMFT measured at between 1 and 2 years of · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 856 participants | Low |
Intervention NR DMFS measured at between 1 and 2 years of · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 285 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR dmft measured at between 1 and 2 years of · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 276 participants | Low |
Intervention NR dmfs · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR DMFT measured at between 1 and 2 years of · children Community-based population-level interventions for promoting child oral health (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1004 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Salt intake in grams per day ‐ all eligible studies that provided sufficient data for quantitative analysis of overall impact (n = 10 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption Population‐level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 64798 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Salt intake in grams per day ‐ subset of initiatives that are multi‐component and incorporate activities of a structural nature (n = 7 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption Population‐level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 34227 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Salt intake in grams per day ‐ women only (n = 9 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption Population‐level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 27184 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Salt intake in grams per day ‐ men only (n = 9 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption Population‐level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 22977 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Occurrence of abuse – caregivers: Caregiver’s abusive behaviours (Caregiver Psychological Elder Abuse Behaviour Scale) (duration not specified, assumed 10 months) · Carers of elderly persons Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 112 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Occurrence of abuse by elderly persons: Detecting resident‐to‐resident abuse ( 6 & 12 months) · Carers of elderly persons Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 325 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Knowledge and attitude to elder abuse (6 to 12 months) · Carers of elderly persons Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 523 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Occurrence of abuse – caregivers: Caregiver’s abusive behaviours (Modified conflict tactics scale) (8 months) · Carers of elderly persons Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 260 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Anxiety and depression: total scores on hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) (8 months) · Carers of elderly persons Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 260 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Occurrence of elder abuse · Carers of elderly persons with a responsibility for detecting abuse Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinician assessment practices (1 year) · Carers of elderly persons with a responsibility for detecting abuse Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Recurrence of abuse: Physical abuse – Hartford study physical abuse subscale (8 weeks post intervention) · Victims of abuse Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Recurrence of abuse – elderly persons: Modified version of the Conflict Tactic Scale (6 & 12 months) · Victims of abuse Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 403 participants | Low |
Foods fortified with zinc alone vs same foods without adding zinc Serum or plasma zinc (in µmol/L) · General population (over 2 years of age, including pregnant and lactating women) Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 158 participants | Low |
Foods fortified with zinc alone vs same foods without adding zinc Stunting (author defined) · General population (over 2 years of age, including pregnant and lactating women) Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.36, 2.13] | 2 studies · 397 participants | Low |
Foods fortified with zinc alone vs same foods without adding zinc Underweight (author defined) · General population (over 2 years of age, including pregnant and lactating women) Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.1 [0.52, 18.38] | 2 studies · 397 participants | Low |
Foods fortified with zinc plus other micronutrients vs foods fortified with other micronutrients without zinc Zinc deficiency (as defined by authors, depending on age and gender) · General population (over 2 years of age, including pregnant and lactating women) Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.01, 3.94] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Foods fortified with zinc plus other micronutrients vs foods fortified with other micronutrients without zinc Serum or plasma zinc (in µmol/L) · General population (over 2 years of age, including pregnant and lactating women) Fortification of staple foods with zinc for improving zinc status and other health outcomes in the general… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 250 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Physical activity % Physically active Intervention compared to control adjusted pre/post cross‐sectional sampling (end of intervention to 6 years) · whole communities (adults, adolescents and children) Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Physical activity % physically active Intervention compared to control adjusted pre‐post cross‐sectional sampling (end of intervention to 3 years, 4 months) · whole communities (adults, adolescents and children) Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
Intervention NR Energy expenditure METS/week score, adjusted mean difference ( · whole communities (adults, adolescents and children) Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Physical activity Average daily minutes of moderate to vigorous (24 months) · whole communities (adults, adolescents and children) Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Improvement in measures of health behavior at 24 to 48 months of · s Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 29474 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Improvement in measures of health status at 24 to 60 months of · s Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 14431 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Improvement in measures of health status at 6 to 36 months of · s Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 21607 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Improvement in measures of health behavior at 3 to 48 months of · s Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 4957 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Improvement in measures of health status at 12 to 48 months of · s Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1833 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Improvement in measures of health behavior at 4 to 36 months of · s Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 4447 participants | Low |