Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

331 questions · 336 findings · 74 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 102 · 30.4%GRADE not reported 30 · 8.9%Very low 76 · 22.6%Low 92 · 27.4%Moderate 31 · 9.2%High 5 · 1.5%

Intervention not reported

Lower limb compression vs control · women having spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes lower limb compression vs control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at… compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Severe maternal morbidity and mortality index · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in severe maternal morbidity and mortality index compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Caesarean section · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Low birthweight · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in birthweight < 2500 g compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether calcium changes apgar < 7 at 5 minutes compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium vs placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early

Perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium showed no clear difference in perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review