Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
2400 to 2800 ppm F toothpaste may leads to lower caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 250 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.26 [-0.38, -0.14]
Studies not reported
Low
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1700 to 2200 ppm F toothpaste may leads to lower caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 250 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.17 [-0.3, -0.04]
Studies not reported
Low
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
2400 to 2800 ppm F toothpaste may leads to lower caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 440 to 550 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.29 [-0.49, -0.08]
Studies not reported
Low
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste probably leads to lower caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 1000 to 1250 ppm F toothpaste (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.08 [-0.14, -0.01]
10 studies
Moderate
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
440 to 550 ppm F toothpaste showed no clear difference in caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.12 [-0.31, 0.07]
2 studies
Low
Average enamel surface roughness · Extracted human teeth with early/artificial enamel lesions (in vitro)
In vitro, CPP-ACP markedly reduced enamel surface roughness versus control (SMD -8.21, 95% CI -10.37 to -6.04; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Ocular surface staining · people with dry eye
1 finding from 1 review
Ocular surface staining · people with dry eyea
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Change in ocular surface staining at 1‐month (with actual · people with dry eyea
Oral long‐chain omega‐3 PUFAs (ie, EPA and DHA) showed no clear difference in change in ocular surface staining at 1‐month (with actual compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Ocular surface staining · people with dry eyea
Oral long‐chain omega‐3 PUFAs showed no clear difference in change in ocular surface staining at 1‐month compared with oral omega‐6 PUFAs (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Ocular surface staining · people with dry eyea
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary outcome 1. Mean change in physician‐assessed clinical signs This outcome was assessed as investigator‐assessed change in the ratio of pruritus area to body surface area · adults with eczema
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste may leads to lower caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 250 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.21 [-0.33, -0.1]
Studies not reported
Low
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1000 to 1250 ppm F toothpaste showed no clear difference in caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 440 to 550 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.16 [-0.35, 0.03]
1 study
Low
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Adults with mature permanent dentition (aged 18 to 93 years at study start)
1000 or 1100 ppm F toothpaste probably leads to lower caries increment, surface index DMFS compared with non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste may leads to lower caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 440 to 550 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.24 [-0.44, -0.04]
Studies not reported
Low
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1700 to 2200 ppm F toothpaste showed no clear difference in caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 1000 to 1250 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.03 [-0.12, 0.06]
5 studies
Low
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1700 to 2200 ppm F toothpaste showed no clear difference in caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with 440 to 550 ppm F toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.2 [-0.41, 0.01]
Studies not reported
Low
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
2400 to 2800 ppm F toothpaste may leads to lower caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.41 [-0.49, -0.33]
3 studies
Low
Caries increment, surface index D(M)FS · Children and adolescents with immature permanent dentition (aged 5 to 16 years at study start)
1000 to 1250 ppm F toothpaste leads to lower caries increment, surface index D(M)FS compared with non-fluoride (0 ppm F) placebo toothpaste (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -0.28 [-0.32, -0.25]
55 studies
High