What do systematic reviews say?

Oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral appliances and functional orthopaedic appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea in children 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  The included study did not assess this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection LA and intraligamental injection LA (3-arm) vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on this outcome
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on this outcome
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraligamental injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on this outcome
  0 studies
  No studies found

Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs no treatment or placebo

• Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for dental… 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Because of substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the studies, we were unable to determine an estimate of effect
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Very low

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. After deduplication, the electronic searching identified 527 publications; after reviewing the titles and abstracts, none focused on interventions to correct the…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Camel thorn (plant distillate) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  up to 14 days
  The authors report lower pain and smaller lesions in the camel thorn group up to 10 days after referral; a statistically significant difference in pain intensity was also reported.
  1 study · 93 participants
  GRADE not reported

Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for days 1 and 2 vs Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for day 1 and placebo for day 2 (lower dose)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  16 weeks
  A trial at high risk of bias (Zissis 1983) compared two different dose regimens of levamisole (treatment 2 days per week for 16 weeks; a third group received placebo). There was inconsistency in the presentation of the…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Squeezable (modified) feeding bottle vs Rigid feeding bottle

• Feeding interventions for growth and development in infants with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes

  up to 12 months
  Number of times a bottle had to be modified by the health visitor: 25/52 (48%) for rigid bottles versus 4/49 (8%) for squeezable bottles (Shaw 1999), P < 0.05 (favours squeezable). Six babies randomised to the rigid…
  1 study · 101 participants
  GRADE not reported

Minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty (MIPP) vs MIPP with additional individualised velopharyngeal surgery (pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of submucous cleft palate 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Nasalance score by nasometry and pressure-flow measure: the single included trial (Ysunza 2001) provided no data for this outcome.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Cetylpyridinium chloride + essential oils + chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthrinse (Breath Rx) vs placebo

• Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  Borden 2002: mean change in halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Breath Rx: -66.84 at 2 weeks (67.65% reduction), -77.87 at 4 weeks (78.82% reduction); Placebo: -39.86 at 2 weeks, -36.77 at 4 weeks (41.75%). No between-group…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs placebo

• Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  Borden 2002: mean change in halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Oxygene: -47.63 at 2 weeks (64.97% reduction), -53.28 at 4 weeks (72.67% reduction); Placebo: -39.86 at 2 weeks, -36.77 at 4 weeks (41.75%). No between-group…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Pericarp extract of Garcinia mangostana L mouthrinse (herbal) vs placebo

• Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15 days
  Rassameemasmaung 2007: halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Herbal (Garcinia mangostana L): 248.35 (SD 172.30) at baseline to 100.54 (SD 69.37) at day 15 (59.68% reduction, P < 0.05); Placebo: 237.45 (SD 114.15) to 176.83 (SD…
  1 study · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

Zinc chloride + sodium chlorite mouthrinse (TriOral) vs Control mouthrinse (containing neither zinc chloride nor sodium chlorite)

• Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  Codipilly 2004: precise data could not be extracted (results presented as graph plots). Reported VSC reductions from baseline for zinc chloride + sodium chlorite (TriOral): 55% (P < 0.01) at 2 weeks and 60% (P < 0.01)…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Essential oil mouthwash vs placebo

• Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  Borden 2002: mean change in halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Essential oils (Listerine): -43.22 at 2 weeks (48.54% reduction), -68.90 at 4 weeks (77.39% reduction); Placebo: -39.86 at 2 weeks (45.25%), -36.77 at 4 weeks…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Zinc chloride without sodium chlorite mouthrinse (Breath Rx containing cetylpyridinium chloride) vs Control mouthrinse (containing neither zinc chloride nor sodium chlorite)

• Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  Codipilly 2004: reported VSC reduction from baseline for zinc chloride minus sodium chlorite (Breath Rx containing cetylpyridinium chloride): 38% (P < 0.05) at 2 weeks, versus a control containing neither zinc chloride…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium)

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) led to lower tactile sensitivity (method a, ordinal scale) compared with control toothpaste (without potassium); GRADE not reported.

• Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 to 8 weeks
  MD -0.65 [-1.07, -0.23]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium)

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) led to higher tactile sensitivity (method b, continuous probe) compared with control toothpaste (without potassium); GRADE not reported.

• Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 to 8 weeks
  SMD 1.19 [0.79, 1.59]
  5 studies · 356 participants
  GRADE not reported

HEMA/EGDMA-based desensitizer vs No biomimetic remineralization (control)

In the Self-Etch adhesive + chemical ACAD protocol network, HEMA vs Control showed no significant difference in 24 h bond strength (MD 1.899, 95% CI -3.210 to 7.009; Low certainty).

• Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. 2025 All outcomes

  24 h (immediate) · In vitro; extracted permanent human teeth; bond strength testing (SBS/microSBS/microTBS) · Self-Etch + chemical ACAD
  MD 1.899 [-3.210, 7.009]
  1 study
  Low

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs No biomimetic remineralization (control)

Only one in vitro study assessed a Self-Etch adhesive with the biological ACAD protocol; it was insufficient for network meta-analysis, so no pooled effect estimate is available (ungraded).

• Biomimetic Remineralization Strategies for Dentin Bond Stability-Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. 2025 All outcomes

  24 h (immediate) · In vitro; extracted permanent human teeth; bond strength testing (SBS/microSBS/microTBS) · Self-Etch + biological ACAD
  Only 1 in vitro study (de Siqueira et al., 2020) assessed Self-Etch adhesive with biological ACAD; insufficient to perform a network meta-analysis, so no pooled estimate is reported.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported