Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

502 questions · 519 findings · 57 reviews · Hepato-Biliary

No studies found 131 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 11 · 2.1%Very low 302 · 58.2%Low 46 · 8.9%Moderate 27 · 5.2%High 2 · 0.4%

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Non‐absorbable disaccharides probably leads to lower mortality compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Hepatic encephalopathy · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Non‐absorbable disaccharides probably leads to lower hepatic encephalopathy compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Non‐absorbable disaccharides probably leads to lower serious adverse events compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether non‐absorbable disaccharides changes non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Laboratory‐confirmed leptospirosis · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes laboratory‐confirmed leptospirosis compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Clinical diagnosis of infection regardless of laboratory confirmed · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics showed no clear difference in clinical diagnosis of infection regardless of laboratory confirmed compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Clinical diagnosis confirmed by laboratory diagnosis · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics showed no clear difference in clinical diagnosis confirmed by laboratory diagnosis compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review