Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

396 questions · 408 findings · 34 reviews

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No studies found 113 · 27.7%GRADE not reported 40 · 9.8%Very low 91 · 22.3%Low 105 · 25.7%Moderate 50 · 12.3%High 9 · 2.2%

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life · healthy physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Thermal stability and storage of human insulin 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

HbA1c · healthy physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Thermal stability and storage of human insulin 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Mean fall in plasma glucose levels (mmol/L/min) · healthy physicians

1 finding from 1 review

Thermal stability and storage of human insulin 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 8 participants
Very low

SGLT2 inhibitors vs placebo

HbA1c (%) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1092 participants
Moderate

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

FBG (mmol/L) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 589 participants
Low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 4211 participants
Low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

All cardiovascular death · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 5897 participants
Moderate

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

Weight (kg) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 210 participants
Moderate

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

eGFR · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 130 participants
Very low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

Hypoglycaemia · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1443 participants
Very low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1257 participants
Very low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

HbA1c (%) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 283 participants
Moderate

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

FBG (mmol/L) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 231 participants
Very low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 301 participants
Very low

SGLT2 inhibitors vs placebo

FBG (mmol/L) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 855 participants
Moderate

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

All cardiovascular death · people with diabetes and CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

Weight (kg) · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 303 participants
Low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

eGFR · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 279 participants
Low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

Hypoglycaemia · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 303 participants
Low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · people with diabetes and CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 303 participants
Low