Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 SAEs) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in SGRQ total score · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in quality of life as measured by SGRQ total score change from baseline… compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in baseline trough FEV1 · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… probably leads to higher trough FEV1 change from baseline compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… leads to lower pneumonia compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause death · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… probably leads to higher all‐cause death compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SGRQ total score change from baseline (≥ 4 points, MCID) · stable COPD
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in SGRQ total score change from baseline (≥ 4 points, MCID) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Outcomes* · adults and children with chronic asthma
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) · adults and children with chronic asthma
Increased showed no clear difference in treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (of those starting inhaler) · adults and children with chronic asthma
It is very uncertain whether increased changes treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (of those… compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Unscheduled physician visits 44 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma
Increased showed no clear difference in unscheduled physician visits 44 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Unscheduled acute care, ED visit, or hospital admission 47 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events 48 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma
It is very uncertain whether increased changes serious adverse events 48 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Non‐serious adverse events 43 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma
It is very uncertain whether increased changes non‐serious adverse events 43 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of exacerbation ‐ time to symptom recovery and lung function recovery 52 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Eradication of P aeruginosa from the respiratory tract: proportion of participants with one or more isolates of P aeruginosa from the respiratory tract · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
FEV1 (% predicted): mean change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen
1 finding from 1 review
FVC · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Growth and nutritional status · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen
1 finding from 1 review
Pulmonary exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen
Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in frequency of infective pulmonary exacerbations: proportion of… compared with placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS)… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Isolation of other micro‐organisms from the respiratory tract: proportion of participants with new isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen
Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in isolation of other micro‐organisms from the respiratory tract:… compared with placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS)… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review