Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,760 questions · 8,065 findings · 1,036 reviews

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No studies found 1,686 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 675 · 8.4%Very low 1,953 · 24.2%Low 2,048 · 25.4%Moderate 1,296 · 16.1%High 407 · 5%

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Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Treatment failure · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble may leads to lower treatment failure compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble devices versus other pressure sources for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.6, 0.95]
13 studies · 1230 participants
Low

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble devices versus other pressure sources for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.64, 1.36]
10 studies · 1189 participants
Low

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble devices versus other pressure sources for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Pneumothorax · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in pneumothorax compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble devices versus other pressure sources for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.4, 1.34]
14 studies · 1340 participants
Low

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Moderate‐severe nasal injury · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble probably leads to higher moderate‐severe nasal injury compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble devices versus other pressure sources for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.29 [1.37, 3.82]
8 studies · 753 participants
Moderate

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble devices versus other pressure sources for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.53, 1.1]
7 studies · 603 participants
Low

Neocone vs Alvogyl

Time to initial pain relief (minutes) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Neocone led to higher time to initial pain relief (minutes) compared with alvogyl; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Initial pain relief
MD 9.87 [9.12, 10.63]
1 study · 78 participants
GRADE not reported

Advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) vs No active treatment (control)

Pain (VAS cm) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) led to lower pain (VAS cm) compared with control (no treatment); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Days 1-7 (day 7 shown)
MD -3.60 [-4.00, -3.20]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Alvogyl (old formulation)

Swelling (mean) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies reported this outcome
0 studies
No studies found

SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel) vs no treatment

Pain (VAS) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel) versus No treatment (Kaya 2011): data not usable (medians presented with error bars). Text reports differences in clinical signs and symptoms between control and all 3 treatment groups…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Alvogyl (old formulation)

Fever · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies reported this outcome
0 studies
No studies found

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) vs Alvogyl

Exposed bone (present versus absent) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Day 7 (also day 3)
PRGF versus Alvogyl (King 2018), exposed bone (% patients): day 3 PRGF 9.1% vs Alvogyl 9.1%; day 7 PRGF 0% vs Alvogyl 22.7% (P<0.05 at day 7)
1 study · 44 participants
GRADE not reported

Alvogyl vs SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel)

Pain (VAS) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Alvogyl versus SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel) (Kaya 2011): data not usable (medians presented with error bars). Text reports differences in clinical signs and symptoms between control and all 3 treatment groups…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Neocone vs Alvogyl

Mean time to resolution of pain · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Neocone led to lower time to complete resolution of pain (days) compared with alvogyl; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Complete resolution of pain
MD -1.62 [-1.86, -1.38]
1 study · 78 participants
GRADE not reported

Alvogyl vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Mean time to resolution of pain · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Alvogyl led to lower time to complete resolution of pain (days) compared with zinc oxide eugenol; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Complete resolution of pain
MD -2.17 [-2.37, -1.97]
1 study · 78 participants
GRADE not reported

Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Alvogyl (old formulation)

Success rate (radiographically‐assessed healing of cyst healing based on the Neer/Cole rating system) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Healing: 2 studies (Faizel 2015; Supe 2018) used different healing outcomes and could not be combined; Alvogyl appeared to heal faster than zinc oxide eugenol. Supe 2018: delayed (non-healed after 10 days) 2/25 Alvogyl…
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Alvogyl vs Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)

Pain · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Alvogyl versus platelet rich fibrin (Keshini 2020): single study (30 participants); no usable pooled estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported

Metronidazole (intrasocket) vs placebo

Duration of treatment (days) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Metronidazole (intrasocket) led to lower duration of treatment (days) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -3.17 [-5.30, -1.04]
1 study · 55 participants
GRADE not reported

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) vs Alvogyl

Pain (VAS cm) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) showed no clear difference in pain (VAS cm) compared with alvogyl; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Day 7 (also day 3)
MD -0.40 [-1.77, 0.97]
1 study · 44 participants
GRADE not reported

Neocone vs Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE)

Time to initial pain relief (minutes) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Neocone led to lower time to initial pain relief (minutes) compared with zinc oxide eugenol; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Initial pain relief
MD -7.77 [-8.86, -6.68]
1 study · 78 participants
GRADE not reported