Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,736 questions · 15,265 findings · 1,163 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,871 · 25.4%GRADE not reported 810 · 5.3%Very low 4,242 · 27.8%Low 3,879 · 25.4%Moderate 1,999 · 13.1%High 464 · 3%

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Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Time to resolution of primary hemorrhage · people with traumatic hyphema

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 330 participants
Low

Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Secondary hemorrhage at any time point · people with traumatic hyphema

Systemic aminocaproic acid may leads to lower secondary hemorrhage at any time point compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.28 [0.13, 0.6]
6 studies · 330 participants
Low

Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Adverse event nausea and vomiting (0 to 24 hours) · people with traumatic hyphema

Systemic aminocaproic acid probably leads to higher adverse effects: nausea or vomiting compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.6 [2.09, 35.5]
3 studies · 131 participants
Moderate

Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Short‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better ≤ 2 weeks after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema

Topical aminocaproic acid showed no clear difference in short‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better ≤ 2 weeks after treatment compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.47, 1.6]
1 study · 51 participants
Low

Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Medium‐term visual acuity 20/40 or better > 2 weeks and ≤ 2 months after treatment · people with traumatic hyphema

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Medical/surgical masks vs no masks

Viral respiratory illness ‐ influenza/COVID‐like illness · general population

Medical/surgical masks showed no clear difference in viral respiratory illness ‐ influenza/COVID‐like illness compared with no masks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.84, 1.09]
9 studies · 276917 participants
Moderate

Hand hygiene vs control

Influenza assessed by laboratory confirmation · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene showed no clear difference in laboratory‐confirmed influenza compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.63, 1.3]
8 studies · 8332 participants
Low

Hand hygiene vs control

Composite of acute respiratory illness, influenza‐like illness, laboratory‐confirmed influenza · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene may leads to lower composite of acute respiratory illness, influenza‐like illness,… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.83, 0.94]
19 studies · 71210 participants
Low

Hand hygiene vs control

Adverse events · general population and healthcare workers

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Very low

Medical/surgical masks vs no masks

Viral respiratory illness ‐ laboratory‐confirmed influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 · general population

Medical/surgical masks showed no clear difference in viral respiratory illness ‐ laboratory‐confirmed influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with no masks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.72, 1.42]
6 studies · 13919 participants
Moderate

Medical/surgical masks vs no masks

Adverse events · general population

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3 participants
Very low

N95 respirators vs medical/surgical masks

Viral illness ‐ clinical respiratory illness · general population and healthcare workers

It is very uncertain whether N95 respirators changes viral respiratory illness ‐ clinical respiratory illness compared with medical/surgical masks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.45, 1.1]
3 studies · 7799 participants
Very low

N95 respirators vs medical/surgical masks

Viral respiratory illness ‐ influenza‐like illness · general population and healthcare workers

N95 respirators showed no clear difference in viral respiratory illness ‐ influenza‐like illness compared with medical/surgical masks (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.66, 1.03]
5 studies · 8407 participants
Low

N95 respirators vs medical/surgical masks

Viral respiratory illness ‐ laboratory‐confirmed influenza · general population and healthcare workers

N95 respirators showed no clear difference in viral respiratory illness ‐ laboratory‐confirmed influenza compared with medical/surgical masks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.9, 1.34]
5 studies · 8407 participants
Moderate

N95 respirators vs medical/surgical masks

Adverse events · general population and healthcare workers

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 5 participants
Very low

Hand hygiene vs control

Acute respiratory illness · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene probably leads to lower acute respiratory illness compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.81, 0.9]
9 studies · 52105 participants
Moderate

Hand hygiene vs control

Influenza‐like illness · general population and healthcare workers

Hand hygiene showed no clear difference in influenza‐like illness compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.81, 1.09]
11 studies · 34503 participants
Low

Standard interferon vs placebo or control

Death · patients on HD with HCV infection

Standard interferon showed no clear difference in death compared with placebo or control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.23]
5 studies · 134 participants
Low

Pegylated (PEG) interferon alpha‐2a vs standard interferon

Sustained virological response · patients on HD with HCV infection

Pegylated interferon alpha‐2a showed no clear difference in sustained virological response 6 months after stopping treatment compared with standard interferon (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.4 [0.99, 5.81]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Pegylated (PEG) interferon alpha‐2a vs standard interferon

Treatment discontinuation · patients on HD with HCV infection

Pegylated interferon alpha‐2a showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with standard interferon (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.96]
1 study · 50 participants
Low