Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,695 questions · 4,979 findings · 433 reviews

No studies found 998 · 20%GRADE not reported 1,140 · 22.9%Very low 1,024 · 20.6%Low 1,029 · 20.7%Moderate 636 · 12.8%High 152 · 3.1%

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes pain during activity (long‐term) NPRS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Recovery long‐term Number of patients at least moderately better · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes recovery long‐term Number of patients at least moderately better compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (long‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional status, long‐term · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (long‐term) WOMAC (0 to 96; inverted scores so… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes functional ability (short‐term) FIQ modified (0 to 16; higher scores… compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Recovered · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes recovery (long‐term) Number of patients who had recovered or number… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review