Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,747 questions · 3,943 findings · 594 reviews

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No studies found 784 · 19.9%GRADE not reported 530 · 13.4%Very low 1,040 · 26.4%Low 981 · 24.9%Moderate 444 · 11.3%High 164 · 4.2%

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Weight gain · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Linear growth (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or usual care

Kidney failure · proteinuric CKD

It is very uncertain whether aldosterone antagonists changes kidney failure compared with placebo or standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3 [0.33, 27.65]
2 studies · 84 participants
Very low

Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics

Hyperkalaemia · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics

Death · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics

Cardiovascular events · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics

Doubling serum creatinine · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics

AKI · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics

Proteinuria · proteinuric CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 139 participants
Very low

Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics

eGFR · proteinuric CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 12 participants
Low

Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers

Kidney failure · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers

Hyperkalaemia · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers

Death · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or usual care

Hyperkalaemia · proteinuric CKD

Aldosterone antagonists probably leads to higher hyperkalaemia compared with placebo or standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.17 [1.47, 3.22]
17 studies · 3001 participants
Moderate

Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers

Cardiovascular events · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers

Doubling serum creatinine · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers

AKI · proteinuric CKD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers

Proteinuria · proteinuric CKD

1 finding from 1 review

Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Low