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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,361 questions in 120 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems
current versionsNo studies 286 · 21%Ungraded 61 · 4.5%Very low 381 · 28%Low 381 · 28%Moderate 228 · 16.8%High 24 · 1.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Range of motion (ankle dorsiflexion) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Satisfaction (not measured) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Spasticity (ankle plantarflexors) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Adverse events · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.03, 11.03] | 3 studies · 64 participants | Low |
BoNT‐A vs usual care or physiotherapy Satisfaction (not measured) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Instrumented gait analysis (peak ankle dorsiflexion in stance) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 61 participants | Low |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Observational gait analysis · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Function · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 41 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Range of motion (passive ankle dorsiflexion) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 67 participants | Low |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Satisfaction (not measured) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Spasticity (ankle plantarflexors) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 67 participants | Low |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Adverse events · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Instrumented gait analysis (peak ankle dorsiflexion in stance) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Observational gait analysis · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Function · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Moderate |
BoNT‐A vs usual care or physiotherapy Spasticity (ankle plantarflexors) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 186 participants | Very low |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Range of motion (passive ankle dorsiflexion) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 44 participants | Low |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Satisfaction (not measured) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Spasticity (ankle plantarflexors) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 44 participants | Low |
BoNT‐A vs serial casting Adverse events · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs orthoses Instrumented gait analysis (not reported) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs orthoses Observational gait analysis (not reported) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs orthoses Function · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
BoNT‐A vs orthoses Range of motion (passive hip abduction) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
BoNT‐A vs orthoses Satisfaction (not reported) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs orthoses Spasticity (hip adductors) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
BoNT‐A vs usual care or physiotherapy Adverse events · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 206 participants | Very low |
BoNT‐A vs orthoses Adverse events (not reported) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs usual care or physiotherapy Instrumented gait analysis (kinematics) (not measured) · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BoNT‐A vs usual care or physiotherapy Observational gait analysis · children with CP Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs low‐dose comparison Bimanual performance · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 39 participants | Low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs high‐dose comparison Unimanual capacity · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs high‐dose comparison Manual ability ‐ not measured · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs high‐dose comparison Self‐care · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs high‐dose comparison Individualised measures of performance · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 126 participants | Low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs high‐dose comparison Adverse events · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 186 participants | Ungraded |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs dose‐matched comparison Bimanual performance · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 229 participants | Low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs dose‐matched comparison Unimanual capacity · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 203 participants | Low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs dose‐matched comparison Unimanual capacity · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 124 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs dose‐matched comparison Manual ability · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 95 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs dose‐matched comparison Self‐care · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 45 participants | Low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs low‐dose comparison Unimanual capacity · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs dose‐matched comparison Individualised measures of performance · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 191 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs dose‐matched comparison Adverse events · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 569 participants | Ungraded |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs different forms CIMT Bimanual performance · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 60 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs different forms CIMT Bimanual performance · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 60 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs different forms CIMT Unimanual capacity ‐ not measured · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs different forms CIMT Unimanual capacity · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs different forms CIMT Manual Ability ‐ not measured · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) vs different forms CIMT Self‐care ‐ not measured · children with unilateral cerebral palsy Constraint‐induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |