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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
767 questions in 53 reviews · Back and Neck
current versionsNo studies 149 · 19.4%Ungraded 41 · 5.3%Very low 168 · 21.9%Low 226 · 29.5%Moderate 156 · 20.3%High 27 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Adverse effects · Patients with subacute/chronic neck pain with or without radicular symptoms and cervicogenic headache Electrotherapy for neck pain (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain Intensity immediate post‐treatment (3 weeks) · Patients with chronic non‐specific neck pain Electrotherapy for neck pain (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Function · Patients with chronic non‐specific neck pain Electrotherapy for neck pain (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Global Perceived Effect immediate post‐treatment (3 weeks) · Patients with chronic non‐specific neck pain Electrotherapy for neck pain (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |
Strong opioids vs placebo Mean pain intensity on a numerical scale. For example 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain) · people with chronic low‐back pain Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1887 participants | Moderate |
Strong opioids vs placebo Disability (higher ratings mean greater disability). Various instruments were used, for example 0% (no disability) to 100% (bed‐ridden) · people with chronic low‐back pain Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1375 participants | Moderate |
Strong opioids vs placebo At least 30% of pain relief or moderate relief · people with chronic low‐back pain Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.91 [1.41, 2.58] | 3 studies · 819 participants | Moderate |
Strong opioids vs placebo At least 50% of pain relief · people with chronic low‐back pain Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.89 [1.34, 2.66] | 2 studies · 750 participants | Very low |
Strong opioids vs placebo Side effects ‐ Somnolence · people with chronic low‐back pain Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain (2013) · Cochrane | RD 6 | 5 studies · 2346 participants | Very low |
Strong opioids vs placebo Side effects ‐ Nausea · people with chronic low‐back pain Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain (2013) · Cochrane | RD 12 | 5 studies · 2346 participants | Low |
Strong opioids vs placebo Side effects ‐ Constipation · people with chronic low‐back pain Opioids compared to placebo or other treatments for chronic low‐back pain (2013) · Cochrane | RD 11 | 5 studies · 2346 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Functional status, short term Oswestry Disability Index (ODI 0 to 100%) or Roland Morris (0 to 24) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 340 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Adverse event—not reported · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Leg pain, short term Visual analog scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 340 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Low back pain, short term Visual analogue scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 340 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR General health, short term Visual analogue scale (VAS 100 to 0) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 238 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse Events ‐ not reported · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Functional status, long term Oswestry Disability Index (ODI 0 to 100%) or Roland Morris (0 to 24) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 373 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Leg pain, long term Visual analogue scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 373 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Low back pain, long term Visual analogue scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 373 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR General health, long term Visual analogue scale (VAS 100 to 0) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 273 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain Intensity ‐ short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Function · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Tenderness · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Global Perceived Effect · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Satisfaction · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Overall well‐being · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain Intensity: Short term · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 180 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Function · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Tenderness · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Function · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Global Perceived Effect · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Satisfaction · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Overall well‐being · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Tenderness · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Global Perceived Effect · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Satisfaction · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Overall well‐being · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain Intensity: short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain Massage for mechanical neck disorders (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 108 participants | Low |
ADVICE ‐ focus on activation vs NO TREATMENT video vs no treatment: at 1 session + 2 weeks · patients with neck pain with or without radiculopathy Patient education for neck pain (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.95, 1.09] | 1 study · 405 participants | Moderate |
ADVICE ‐ focus on activation vs NO TREATMENT video vs no treatment: at 1 session + 24 weeks · patients with neck pain with or without radiculopathy Patient education for neck pain (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.59, 1.06] | 1 study · 348 participants | Moderate |
ADVICE ‐ focus on activation vs NO TREATMENT video vs no treatment: at 1 session + 52 weeks · patients with neck pain with or without radiculopathy Patient education for neck pain (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.65, 1.21] | 1 study · 332 participants | Moderate |
Disc arthroplasty vs fusion Improvement in Back Pain VAS 100 mm scale · patients with chronic low‐back pain Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 676 participants | Low |
Disc arthroplasty vs fusion Adverse Effects · patients with chronic low‐back pain Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |