What do systematic reviews say?

1000 mg champignon extract vs placebo

1000 mg champignon extract showed no clear difference in patient's family member-reported VAS score (scale 0 to 100) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  MD -1.74 [-15.52, 12.04]
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

1000 mg champignon extract vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -0.17 [-0.59, 0.25]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Very low

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl mercaptan compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  9 days
  MD 7.2 [-24.92, 39.32]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.14% zinc lactate mouthrinse vs Placebo mouthwash

Halita mouthwash (chlorhexidine 0.05% + cetylpyridinium chloride… led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  MD -188.0 [-308.29, -67.71]
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.14% zinc lactate mouthrinse vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  Adverse events (Table 6). Risk with placebo mouthwash: None reported. Risk with halita mouthwash: tongue staining was seen in patients who gargled, rather than rinsed. 40 participants (1 RCT). Certainty: VERY LOW.
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Mechanical tongue cleaning (tongue scraper) vs No tongue cleaning

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Quality of life was a prespecified secondary outcome. None of the 44 included studies in the review (across all comparisons) reported quality-of-life data (review-wide evidence gap).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
  1 study · 41 participants
  GRADE not reported

Toothbrushing + chlorine dioxide mouthwash vs Toothbrushing + tongue cleaning

Toothbrushing + chlorine dioxide mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), sulphide monitor compared with toothbrushing + tongue cleaning; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  MD -81.87 [-140.12, -23.62]
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported

Halita mouthrinse vs Perio-plus mouthrinse

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 8 days
  Adverse events (Table 12). Risk with Perio-plus mouthrinse: 1 patient reported unpleasant feeling after the use of the product; there were no severe adverse events reported. Risk with halita mouthrinse: 1 patient…
  1 study · 36 participants
  Very low

Hinokitiol gel vs Placebo gel

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Zinc chloride + sodium fluoride dentifrice vs Sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Payne 2011 (cross-over RCT) compared ZnCl + NaF dentifrice versus control NaF dentifrice; VSC by gas chromatography. The trial reported the adjusted mean VSC scores in a graph and hence we could not use the data in the…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Topical G32 (ayurvedic preparation) vs Chlorhexidine, 0.2% to 2% (solution or gel)

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week
  Patil 2017 reported burning mucosa and drying of mouth in a few subjects using the control drug (chlorhexidine) and no adverse effects were reported in the intervention group (G32 tablets).
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Miswak (Salvadora persica) mouthwash showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week
  MD -0.2 [-1.03, 0.63]
  1 study · 21 participants
  GRADE not reported

SRP plus subgingival laser irradiation vs SRP

SRP plus subgingival laser irradiation showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with SRP alone; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  MD -3.3 [-9.38, 2.78]
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 3 months
  Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
  0 studies
  No studies found

0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.14% zinc lactate mouthrinse vs Placebo mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether halita mouthwash (chlorhexidine 0.05% + cetylpyridinium chloride… changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -1.0 [-1.65, -0.35]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Active rinse (zinc acetate + chlorhexidine + sodium fluoride), with or without tongue scraping vs Negative control rinse, with or without tongue scraping

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Ademovski 2012 (4-arm cross-over trial) compared an active rinse (with/without tongue scraping) versus a negative control rinse (with/without tongue scraping); OLT and VSC. The authors did not report the correlation…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Halita mouthrinse vs Perio-plus mouthrinse

Halita mouthrinse showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), portable gas chromatograph compared with perio-plus mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  8 days
  MD -25.0 [-64.21, 14.21]
  1 study · 36 participants
  GRADE not reported

Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges vs placebo control

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Marchetti 2015 (2-arm RCT) compared Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges versus placebo lozenges (OLT, VSC and breath print). The study did not report any usable data and hence could not be included in the meta-analysis.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported