Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,549 questions · 1,604 findings · 181 reviews

No studies found 258 · 16.1%GRADE not reported 69 · 4.3%Very low 337 · 21%Low 406 · 25.3%Moderate 410 · 25.6%High 124 · 7.7%

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs placebo/no treatment/supportive treatment/steroids

Adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent discontinuation/hospitalisation at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent… compared with placebo/no treatment/supportive treatment/steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs placebo/no treatment/supportive treatment/steroids

Adverse events ‐ infection at 36 months · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ infection at 36 months compared with placebo/no treatment/supportive treatment/steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs placebo/no treatment/supportive treatment/steroids

Adverse events ‐ malignancy at 36 months · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ malignancy at 36 months compared with placebo/no treatment/supportive treatment/steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

Death at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes death at final compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

End‐stage renal disease · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes end‐stage kidney disease at final compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

Total remission (complete or partial) at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids showed no clear difference in total remission at final compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

Complete remission · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids showed no clear difference in complete remission at final compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

Relapse · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids showed no clear difference in recurrence of disease (relapse) at final compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

100% increase in SCr at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes 100% increase in SCr at final compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

Adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent discontinuation/hospitalisation at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent… compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

Adverse events ‐ infection ( · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ infection ( compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

Malignancy · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ malignancy (range 30 to 36 months compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Complete resolution of phimosis · boys up to 18 years old with phimosis

Topical corticosteroids may leads to higher complete resolution of phimosis compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids vs no treatment or placebo

Need for nasal continuous positive airway pressure · patients with the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids changes need for nasal continuous positive airway pressure compared with no treatment or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review