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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

508 questions · 529 findings · 58 reviews

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No studies found 191 · 36.1%GRADE not reported 49 · 9.3%Very low 143 · 27%Low 92 · 17.4%Moderate 51 · 9.6%High 3 · 0.6%

Tap water vs Normal saline

Pain · people with acute and chronic wounds

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Distilled water vs Normal saline

Infection · people with fractures

It is very uncertain whether distilled water changes infection compared with normal saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooled boiled water vs Normal saline

Infection · people with fractures

It is very uncertain whether cooled boiled water changes infection compared with normal saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tap water vs Normal saline

Infection · people with acute and chronic wounds

It is very uncertain whether tap water changes infection compared with normal saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tap water vs Normal saline

Number of wounds healed · people with acute and chronic wounds

It is very uncertain whether tap water changes wounds healed compared with normal saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs normal saline solution locking

Occlusion of CVC (combining participant and catheter as unit of analysis) Blood withdrawing · adults with CVCs

Heparin may leads to lower occlusion of CVC (combining participant, and catheter as unit of… compared with normal saline solution locking (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review