What do systematic reviews say?

Psychological interventions vs care

• Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 58 participants
  Very low

Psychological interventions vs care

• Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 1649 participants
  Low

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in total mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

• Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.77, 1.05]
  23 studies · 7776 participants
  Moderate

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation may leads to lower cardiac mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.63, 0.98]
  11 studies · 4792 participants
  Low

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in non‐fatal MI compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.64, 1.05]
  13 studies · 7845 participants
  Low

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in revascularisation (CABG and PCI combined) compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

• Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.81, 1.11]
  13 studies · 6822 participants
  Moderate

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

• Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 3165 participants
  Low

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

• Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 studies · 5829 participants
  Low

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

• Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1255 participants
  Very low

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 278 participants
  Very low

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 54 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

• Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 54 participants
  GRADE not reported

Peer support vs alternative interventions

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 95 participants
  Very low

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months
  Little 1997 observed and rated participants on flossing skill; Analysis of Covariance found a significant difference favouring the intervention group.
  1 study · 107 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  The impact of psychological interventions on clinical markers was assessed in three studies (Little 1997; Stewart 1991; Weinstein 1996). All three found that psychological interventions resulted in improved plaque…
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Stewart 1996: the psychological intervention group demonstrated significantly higher change in self efficacy scores for flossing at post-intervention compared to the other two groups (control and educational). Flossing…
  1 study · 117 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months
  Little 1997: no change in pocket depth; there were no differences between the intervention and control groups in overall change in pocket depth. (Some analyses suggested greater change in the intervention group when…
  1 study · 107 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months
  Little 1997 reported decreased gingival bleeding in the active intervention group: gingival bleeding present in 9% of the intervention group at baseline and 4% at 4-month follow up, versus 10% of the control group on…
  1 study · 107 participants
  GRADE not reported