Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,297 questions · 3,638 findings · 215 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 98 · 2.7%GRADE not reported 2,946 · 81%Very low 263 · 7.2%Low 158 · 4.3%Moderate 137 · 3.8%High 36 · 1%

Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping)

VSC: methyl mercaptan · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl mercaptan compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus glycine powder air polishing vs Scaling/root planing alone

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Scaling and root planing (SRP) plus glycine powder air polishing showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Essential oil mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Essential oil mouthwash showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    2 weeks
    MD -5.13 [-32.94, 22.68]
    1 study · 45 participants
    GRADE not reported
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Garcia 2014 (2-arm RCT) compared essential oil mouthwash versus placebo mouthwash (VSC by halimeter). We could not include the results in the meta-analysis because of the missing SD and P value.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

VSC: methyl mercaptan · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl mercaptan compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.14% zinc lactate mouthrinse vs Placebo mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Halita mouthwash (chlorhexidine 0.05% + cetylpyridinium chloride… led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Active rinse (zinc acetate + chlorhexidine + sodium fluoride), with or without tongue scraping vs Negative control rinse, with or without tongue scraping

OLT and VSC scores · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Ademovski 2012 (4-arm cross-over trial) compared an active rinse (with/without tongue scraping) versus a negative control rinse (with/without tongue scraping); OLT and VSC. The authors did not report the correlation…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Cinnamon herbal mouthwash; Nanosil (hydrogen peroxide) mouthwash; Irsha mouthwash vs Water (negative control) and zinc solution (positive control)

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Talebian 2009 (cross-over study) tested cinnamon herbal, Nanosil and Irsha mouthwashes versus water (negative control) and zinc solution (positive control); VSC by halimeter. We could not include the results in the…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Pycnogenol chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

VSC: methyl mercaptan · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Pycnogenol chewing gum showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl mercaptan compared with placebo chewing gum; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pycnogenol chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

VSC: methyl sulphide · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Pycnogenol chewing gum showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl sulphide compared with placebo chewing gum; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

VSC: dimethyl sulphide · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash showed no clear difference in VSC: dimethyl sulphide compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

Cephalometric measurements (ANB change and front teeth inclination changes) · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth vs Orthodontic treatment involving extraction of permanent teeth

Cephalometric measurements (ANB change and front teeth inclination changes) · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Resorbable (bioresorbable) plates or screws for fixation vs Titanium plates or screws for fixation

Swelling (mean) · Adults (>16 years old) undergoing orthognathic surgery
1 finding from 1 review
  • Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Up to 3 years postoperatively
    Though Cheung 2004 reported the presence of postoperative swelling, it was only noted in conjunction with infection and pus discharge; assessment of this outcome did not include the use of photography or digital…
    1 study · 60 participants
    GRADE not reported