Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

600 questions · 627 findings · 57 reviews

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No studies found 131 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 91 · 14.5%Very low 167 · 26.6%Low 143 · 22.8%Moderate 76 · 12.1%High 19 · 3%

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 16583 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index z score (zBMI) · children aged 0‐5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 6261 participants
Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Body‐mass index (BMI) · children aged 0‐5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 5536 participants
Moderate

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Nibbling less than daily · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

1 finding from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 to 4 years
Table 2: 52% (130) versus 53% (131) at follow-up (baseline 41% versus 44%). No significant change.
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Eating candy less than daily · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

1 finding from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 to 4 years
Table 2: 86% (215) intervention versus 83% (205) control at follow-up (baseline 74% versus 77%). No significant change.
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Drinking soft drinks less than daily · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

1 finding from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 to 4 years
Table 2: 77% (193) versus 75% (185) at follow-up (baseline 71% versus 69%). No significant change.
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Caries increment on tooth surfaces (dmfs/DMFS) (prevented fraction) · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

2 findings from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
4 years
Mean (95% CI) DMFS increment after 4 years: intervention 2.56 (2.07 to 3.05) versus control 4.60 (3.99 to 5.21); significant difference favouring the intervention (P<0.0001; non-overlapping CIs). No between-group point…
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported
One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 years
Mean (95% CI) DMFS increment after 2 years: intervention 1.86 (1.50 to 2.21) versus control 2.44 (2.12 to 2.77); significant difference favouring the intervention (P<0.05, comparing intervention and control). No…
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Eating healthy snacks at least twice per day · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

1 finding from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 to 4 years
Table 2: 71% (178) versus 68% (168) at follow-up (baseline 69% versus 65%). No significant change.
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Eating warm meals more than twice per day · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

1 finding from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 to 4 years
Table 2: 77% (193) versus 81% (200) at follow-up (baseline 83% versus 74%, a significant baseline difference). No significant change at follow-up.
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Drinking sports drinks no more than once per week · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

1 finding from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 to 4 years
Table 2: 87% (218) versus 86% (212) at follow-up (baseline 81% versus 87%). No significant change.
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary counselling (snacking timing, regular meals, fermentable carbohydrates) plus toothbrushing counselling, delivered by trained dental hygienists (a multi-intervention) vs Basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics

Using xylitol products more than 3 times per day · Children aged 11 to 12 years with at least one active initial caries lesion, screened in a town in Finland

Individually designed, patient-centred preventive programme: dietary… led to higher using xylitol products more than 3 times per day compared with basic prevention offered as standard in public dental clinics; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 to 4 years
RR 1.32 [1.04, 1.68]
1 study · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Accidents · children aged 0 to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Depression · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 779 participants
High

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Clinical levels of shape and weight concern · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 282 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Anxiety · children aged 13‐18 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 779 participants
High

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Insufficient weight gain in infants · children aged 0 to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 110 participants
Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Physical injuries · children aged 0 to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 652 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Adverse events · children aged 0 to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 983 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

Infections · children aged 0 to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 709 participants
Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

Costs (direct costs of interventions) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2775 participants
Low