Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

369 questions · 382 findings · 20 reviews · Oral and maxillofacial surgery

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No studies found 92 · 24.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 62.6%Very low 42 · 11%Low 4 · 1%Moderate 5 · 1.3%High 0 · 0%

2 mm titanium plates vs 2.5 mm bioresorbable plates

Segmental mobility · Adults (16 to 68 years) with mandibular fractures excluding condylar involvement

2 mm titanium plates showed no clear difference in segmental mobility compared with 2.5 mm bioresorbable plates; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 month
RR 3.84 [0.85, 17.4]
1 study · 57 participants
GRADE not reported

Locking plate vs 2 mm non-locking titanium plates

Restoration of function (functional occlusion; bite force as surrogate) · Adults (16 to 68 years) with mandibular fractures excluding condylar involvement

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Functional occlusion was achieved in all participants in both intervention groups (Agarwal 2011); the measurement of this outcome was not clearly reported. Bite force was reported as a surrogate/proxy outcome.
1 study
GRADE not reported

One microplate plus one miniplate vs Two miniplates

Efficacy and stability of fixation (bite force) · Adults with isolated mandibular fractures in the interforaminal region

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Only one study (Gupta 2012) compared one microplate in conjunction with one miniplate versus two miniplates in isolated interforaminal fractures; however, the data reported in the trial did not satisfy the review's…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Locking plate vs 2 mm non-locking titanium plates

Post-operative infection · Adults (16 to 68 years) with mandibular fractures excluding condylar involvement

2 mm locking titanium plates showed no clear difference in post-operative infection compared with 2 mm non-locking titanium plates; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
OR 0.90 [0.1, 7]
1 study
GRADE not reported

3-dimensional (3D) miniplates vs Standard (Champy) plates

Average pain scores (0-100 VAS) · Adults (16 to 68 years) with mandibular fractures excluding condylar involvement

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Singh 2012 evaluated VAS pain at weeks 1, 4, 8 and month 3 and reported no significant difference between the groups, without supporting details.
1 study
GRADE not reported

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Maximum voluntary jaw opening (mm), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in maximum voluntary jaw opening (mm), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
90 days
MD 3.08 [-0.97, 7.13]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Complications (adverse effects) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate showed no clear difference in complications (adverse effects) compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.20 [0.44, 3.30]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Presence of TMJ sounds · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate led to lower presence of TMJ sounds compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
14 days
RR 0.59 [0.37, 0.95]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Extraoral masticatory muscle tenderness (number of tender sites), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in extraoral masticatory muscle tenderness (number of tender sites),… compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
90 days
MD 0.38 [-2.30, 3.06]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Laser therapy

Outcome not reported · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
The review noted the noticeable absence of evidence for laser therapy; no eligible RCT evaluated it (Discussion).
0 studies
No studies found

Oral diclofenac sodium (NSAID) vs splint

Complications (adverse effects) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Diclofenac sodium (oral NSAID) showed no clear difference in complications (adverse effects) compared with occlusal splint therapy; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.07 [0.50, 2.28]
1 study · 29 participants
GRADE not reported

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Reported pain (mm on VAS), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in reported pain (mm on VAS), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
90 days
MD -4.57 [-9.91, 0.77]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - pain intensity, change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
90 days
MD -2.69 [-7.38, 2.00]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Pain on palpation of the affected/contralateral TMJ and masticatory muscles · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate led to lower pain on palpation of the affected/contralateral TMJ and masticatory… compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
14 days to 6 months
Pain on palpation of the affected and contralateral TMJ and masticatory muscles presented similar frequencies regardless of the time (Analyses 1.4-1.12); no statistically significant differences reported. Point…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Extent of mandibular movement (maximum jaw opening, lateral and contralateral movement, jaw protrusion) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate showed no clear difference in extent of mandibular movement (maximum jaw opening, lateral and… compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
14 days to 6 months
None of the mean differences between interventions for the measures of jaw movements (maximum jaw opening, lateral movement to affected side, contralateral movement, jaw protrusion; Analyses 1.16-1.27) showed…
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Reassurance / behavioral management (control of contributory factors)

Outcome not reported · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
The review noted the noticeable absence of evidence for reassurance among interventions for TMJ OA; no eligible RCT evaluated it (Discussion).
0 studies
No studies found

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) vs ibuprofen

Pain-free maximum jaw opening (mm), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in pain-free maximum jaw opening (mm), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
90 days
MD 1.75 [-4.10, 7.60]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Arthrocentesis

Outcome not reported · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No study evaluated arthrocentesis for TMJ OA, which should be explored in future trials (Research recommendations Table 1).
0 studies
No studies found

Iontophoretically applied corticosteroids

Outcome not reported · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
The review noted the noticeable absence of evidence for iontophoretically applied corticosteroids; no eligible RCT evaluated it (Discussion).
0 studies
No studies found

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate vs corticosteroid injection

Reported pain (mm on VAS) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria

Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate led to lower reported pain (mm on VAS) compared with intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (betamethasone); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 months
MD -17.00 [-32.60, -1.40]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported