Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

270 questions · 272 findings · 19 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 75 · 27.6%GRADE not reported 51 · 18.8%Very low 80 · 29.4%Low 56 · 20.6%Moderate 10 · 3.7%High 0 · 0%

Low intensity ES plus PFMT vs maximal intensity ES plus PFMT

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

Low intensity ES plus PFMT may leads to lower improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with maximal intensity ES plus PFMT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with improved complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) of greater than three times per week at two‐month · children with chronic constipation

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants with improved complete spontaneous bowel… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with improved colonic transit · children with chronic constipation

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants with improved colonic transit (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Colonic transit rate (geometric centre of radioactive substance). Unit indicates position along with intestinal tract. Scale from: 1 (small intestine) to 5 (rectosigmoid area). · children with chronic constipation
1 finding from 1 review