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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,756 questions · 11,779 findings · 747 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,205 · 27.2%GRADE not reported 628 · 5.3%Very low 3,261 · 27.7%Low 2,913 · 24.7%Moderate 1,453 · 12.3%High 319 · 2.7%

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Topical anesthetics vs placebo or no intervention

Episodes of apnea · lumbar puncture in newborn infants

It is very uncertain whether topical anesthetics changes apnea: occurrence of one or more episodes№ of LPs: 100(1 quasi‐RCT) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early vs delayed mobilisation

Self‐reported shoulder function: Croft Shoulder Disability Score (1 or more problems) · adults with minimally displaced or displaced (2‐part or 3‐part) proximal humeral fractures treated non‐surgically (5 trials)

It is very uncertain whether early changes self‐reported shoulder function: Croft Shoulder Disability Score (1… compared with delayed mobilisation (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Functional outcomes · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)

Surgical showed no clear difference in functional scoresf(higher = better outcome) compared with non‐surgical treatment (high certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Quality of life: EQ‐5D (0: dead to 1: best quality of life) · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)

Surgical showed no clear difference in quality of life: EQ‐5D (0: dead to 1: best quality of life) compared with non‐surgical treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review