Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,072 questions · 4,237 findings · 447 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 946 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 257 · 6.1%Very low 1,121 · 26.5%Low 1,207 · 28.5%Moderate 568 · 13.4%High 138 · 3.3%

Shaving vs no hair removal

Costs · surgical patients

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 278 participants
Very low

Depilatory cream vs no hair removal

Surgical site infection · surgical patients

Depilatory cream showed no clear difference in surgical site infection (SSI) compared with no hair removal (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.45, 2.31]
1 study · 267 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Adhesiolysis vs no surgery or diagnostic laparoscopy

Effectiveness of treatment · health problem or population

3 findings from 1 review

Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Low
Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Low
Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Adhesiolysis vs no surgery or diagnostic laparoscopy

Adverse events · health problem or population

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Adhesiolysis vs no surgery or diagnostic laparoscopy

Psychological outcomes ‐ not reported · health problem or population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Adhesiolysis vs no surgery or diagnostic laparoscopy

Quality of life · health problem or population

2 findings from 1 review

Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Low
Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Adhesiolysis vs no surgery or diagnostic laparoscopy

Requirement for analgesia ‐ not reported · health problem or population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery

Patient‐rated knee function score assessed using the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (0–100; 100 = best function). · adults with fractures of the patella

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Very low

Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with fractures of the patella

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 183 participants
Very low

Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery

Major adverse outcome: total events · adults with fractures of the patella

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis changes major adverse outcome: total events compared with open surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.26 [0.14, 0.46]
3 studies · 145 participants
Very low

Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery

Observer‐rated measures of knee function Knee function scores (see comment) · adults with fractures of the patella

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis changes observer‐rated measures of knee function Knee function scores (see… compared with open surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 1.01 [0.08, 1.95]
3 studies · 124 participants
Very low

Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery

Health‐related quality of life · adults with fractures of the patella

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery

Return to activity · adults with fractures of the patella

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery

Cosmetic appearance · adults with fractures of the patella

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Preoperative anxiety (VAS) VAS (0 to 100 mm) measured approximately 50 to 120 minutes after premedication 0: no anxiety 100: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 1264 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Preoperative anxiety (STAI) STAI (20 to 80) measured approximately 120 minutes after premedication 20: no anxiety 80: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Preoperative anxiety (6‐item STAI) STAI 6‐item (6 to 24) measured approximately 90 minutes after premedication 6: no anxiety 24: maximum anxiety possible · patents undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Preoperative anxiety (VAS) VAS (0 to 100 mm) measured approximately 90 minutes after premedication 0: no anxiety 100: maximum anxiety possible · patients undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 409 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Preoperative anxiety (STAI) STAI (20 to 80) · patients undergoing elective surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Preoperative anxiety (6‐item STAI) STAI 6‐item (6 to 24) measured approximately 90 minutes after premedication 6: no anxiety 24: maximum anxiety possible · patients undergoing elective surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Melatonin for preoperative and postoperative anxiety in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Low