What do systematic reviews say?

Nystatin vs Chlorhexidine plus nystatin

Nystatin showed no clear difference in oral candidiasis (present) compared with chlorhexidine plus nystatin; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.82 [0.73, 4.54]
  1 study · 50 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in death associated with fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.16 [0.01, 2.95]
  1 study · 51 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine vs Nystatin

Chlorhexidine showed no clear difference in oral candidiasis (present) compared with nystatin; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.89 [0.36, 2.21]
  1 study · 34 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Self assessed flossing was assessed in two studies (Little 1997; Stewart 1991); both reported improvements for the intervention groups. Little 1997: Analysis of Covariance found significant differences favouring the…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract led to higher good compliance compared with antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.05 [1.03, 1.08]
  1 study · 820 participants
  GRADE not reported

Nystatin vs placebo or no treatment

Nystatin showed no clear difference in oral candidiasis (present) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.92 [0.78, 1.08]
  3 studies · 153 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs attention control

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 weeks (2 weeks post-intervention)
  Stewart 1991: for self reported brushing only the comparison of the control group with the cognitive behavioural intervention was significant; the cognitive behavioural (psychological) intervention conveyed no…
  1 study · 50 participants
  GRADE not reported

Nystatin vs Natamycin

Nystatin showed no clear difference in oral candidiasis (present) compared with natamycin; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.07 [0.83, 1.37]
  1 study · 28 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract led to lower oral candidiasis (present) compared with antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.4 [0.21, 0.76]
  8 studies · 2103 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs Educational intervention (oral hygiene education/instruction)

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 weeks (2 weeks post-intervention)
  Stewart 1991: while the educational intervention group and the cognitive behavioural intervention group both showed significant differences compared to the control group in plaque scores, the cognitive behavioural…
  1 study · 50 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in systemic fungal infection compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.1 [0.01, 1.75]
  2 studies · 71 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs Educational intervention (oral hygiene education/instruction)

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 weeks (2 weeks post-intervention)
  Stewart 1991: there were no differences between the educational intervention group and the cognitive behavioural (psychological) intervention group for self reported flossing; improvements in flossing could not be…
  1 study · 50 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.18 [0.84, 1.67]
  3 studies · 871 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Self assessed brushing was assessed in two studies (Little 1997; Stewart 1991); both found the intervention groups reported improved brushing. Little 1997: Analysis of Covariance found significant differences favouring…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Ketoconazole vs Itraconazole

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  1 study (Caselli 1990); no evidence of a difference; not estimable/not pooled
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… led to lower oral candidiasis (present) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.47 [0.29, 0.78]
  7 studies · 1153 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs Educational intervention (oral hygiene education/instruction)

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Stewart 1996: there was no difference in change in dental knowledge at post-intervention between the educational and psychological groups (both improved significantly relative to control).
  1 study · 78 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) compared with antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.88 [0.33, 2.3]
  6 studies · 2018 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs Educational intervention (oral hygiene education/instruction)

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Stewart 1996: the psychological intervention group demonstrated significantly higher change in self efficacy scores for flossing at post-intervention compared to the educational group (there was no difference in the…
  1 study · 78 participants
  GRADE not reported