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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,000 questions in 69 reviews · Urology
current versionsNo studies 196 · 19.6%Ungraded 33 · 3.3%Very low 198 · 19.8%Low 354 · 35.4%Moderate 206 · 20.6%High 13 · 1.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Botulinum toxin A vs placebo Prostatitis symptoms Subgroup: Pelvic floor muscles injection, participants age < 50 years old, basal NIH‐CPSI score < 30 · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Botulinum toxin A vs placebo Adverse events · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | RR 5 [0.25, 99.95] | 2 studies · 89 participants | Low |
Botulinum toxin A vs placebo Sexual dysfunction ‐ not reported · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Botulinum toxin A vs placebo Quality of life ‐ not reported · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Botulinum toxin A vs placebo Anxiety and depression ‐ not reported · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Allopurinol vs placebo Prostatitis symptoms · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Allopurinol vs placebo Adverse events · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 110 participants | Low |
Alpha blockers vs placebo Adverse events Any adverse event · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [1.09, 2.34] | 19 studies · 1588 participants | Low |
Allopurinol vs placebo Sexual dysfunction ‐ not reported · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Allopurinol vs placebo Quality of life ‐ not reported · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Allopurinol vs placebo Anxiety and depression ‐ not reported · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional Chinese Medicine vs placebo or usual care Prostatitis symptoms · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 835 participants | Low |
Traditional Chinese Medicine vs placebo or usual care Adverse events · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [0.22, 8.02] | 4 studies · 584 participants | Low |
Traditional Chinese Medicine vs placebo or usual care Sexual dysfunction · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 88 participants | Moderate |
Traditional Chinese Medicine vs placebo or usual care Quality of life ‐ not reported · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Traditional Chinese Medicine vs placebo or usual care Anxiety and depression: anxiety · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Traditional Chinese Medicine vs placebo or usual care Anxiety and depression: depression · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 88 participants | Low |
Alpha blockers vs placebo Sexual dysfunction · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 452 participants | Moderate |
Alpha blockers vs placebo Quality of life · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 421 participants | Moderate |
Alpha blockers vs placebo Anxiety and depression · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 232 participants | Low |
5‐alpha reductase inhibitors vs placebo Prostatitis symptoms · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Moderate |
5‐alpha reductase inhibitors vs placebo Prostatitis symptoms: 'responders' Number of participants with a 25% decrease in NIH‐CPSI scores · men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.13 [0.82, 5.53] | 1 study · 64 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Tests Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
Intervention NR True negatives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 3091 participants | Low |
Intervention NR False positives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 3091 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Test result · men with a positive MRI suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True positives · men with a positive MRI suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1553 participants | Low |
Intervention NR False negatives · men with a positive MRI suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1553 participants | Low |
Intervention NR True negatives · men with a positive MRI suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1553 participants | Low |
Intervention NR False positives · men with a positive MRI suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1553 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Test result · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True positives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2257 participants | Low |
Intervention NR False negatives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2257 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MRI Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 3091 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR True negatives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2257 participants | Low |
Intervention NR False positives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2257 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Test result · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True positives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 3421 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR False negatives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 3421 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR True negatives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 3421 participants | Low |
Intervention NR False positives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 3421 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MRI‐TBx Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1553 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR MRI pathway Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 2257 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR SBx Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 3421 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR MRI pathwayvs SBx Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 studies · 6944 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Test result · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True positives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 3091 participants | Low |
Intervention NR False negatives · men suspected of having clinically significant prostate cancer undergoing their first biopsy (biopsy‐naïve men) or a… Prostate MRI, with or without MRI‐targeted biopsy, and systematic biopsy for detecting prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 3091 participants | Low |
URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement Unplanned return visit to emergency/urgent care department Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.4, 1.21] | 16 studies · 1970 participants | Very low |
URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement Postoperative pain day 0 Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 346 participants | Moderate |