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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Source

Review versions

1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin

current versions

No studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Ustekinumab vs placebo Proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream with occlusive dressing vs clobetasol cream 0.05% cream Ease of compliance to an intervention or a treatment ‐ not reported · for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Ustekinumab vs placebo Ease of compliance to an intervention or a treatment ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Guselkumab vs placebo Proportion of participants cleared or almost cleared · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.17 [0.15, 9.3]	2 studies · 154 participants	Very low
Guselkumab vs placebo Proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe enough to have caused withdrawal · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.88 [0.32, 25.8]	1 study · 49 participants	Low
Guselkumab vs placebo Proportion of participants with at least 50% improvement in their quality of life ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Guselkumab vs placebo Proportion of participants achieving a 50% reduction in disease severity · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.88 [1.24, 6.69]	1 study · 49 participants	Moderate
Guselkumab vs placebo Proportion of participants without relapse in the long term ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Guselkumab vs placebo Proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Guselkumab vs placebo Ease of compliance to an intervention or a treatment ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Secukinumab vs placebo Proportion of participants cleared or almost clear ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Secukinumab vs placebo Proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe enough to have caused withdrawal · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3.29 [1.4, 7.75]	1 study · 157 participants	Moderate
Topical vitamin D derivative vs placebo Proportion of participants cleared or almost cleared in the short term (8 weeks) · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 7.83 [1.85, 33.12]	1 study · 188 participants	Low
Secukinumab vs placebo Proportion of participants with at least 50% improvement in their quality of life ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Secukinumab vs placebo Proportion of participants with a 50% reduction in disease severity · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.55 [1.02, 2.35]	1 study · 157 participants	Moderate
Secukinumab vs placebo Proportion of participants without relapse in the long term ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Secukinumab vs placebo Proportion of participants with adverse effects in the short term ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Secukinumab vs placebo Ease of compliance to an intervention or a treatment ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical vitamin D derivative vs placebo Proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe enough to have caused withdrawal ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Salt bath + UVB vs UVB alone PASI‐75 (number of participants with event) · patients with chronic plaque psoriasis Indoor salt water baths followed by artificial ultraviolet B light for chronic plaque psoriasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.71 [1.24, 2.35]	2 studies · 278 participants	Low
Salt bath + UVB vs UVB alone Treatment‐related adverse events requiring withdrawal (number of participants withdrawing) · patients with chronic plaque psoriasis Indoor salt water baths followed by artificial ultraviolet B light for chronic plaque psoriasis (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.96 [0.35, 2.64]	2 studies · 404 participants	Low
Ciclopirox 8% lacquer vs vehicle Complete cure: 48 weeks · people with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 9.29 [1.72, 50.14]	2 studies · 460 participants	Low
Tavaborole 5% solution vs vehicle Adverse events (directly related to treatment, collected over the course of the studies; they are not measured/reported for specific time points) · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3.82 [1.65, 8.85]	2 studies · 1186 participants	Moderate
Tavaborole 5% solution vs vehicle Mycological cure: 52 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3.4 [2.34, 4.93]	2 studies · 1198 participants	High
Tavaborole 5% solution vs vehicle Clinical Cure ‐ not measured · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
P‐3051 (ciclopirox 8% hydrolacquer) vs comparators Complete cure: 48 to 52 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.43 [1.32, 4.48]	2 studies · 490 participants	Moderate
P‐3051 (ciclopirox 8% hydrolacquer) vs comparators Adverse events (collected over the course of the studies; they are not measured/reported for specific time points) · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.6 [0.19, 1.92]	2 studies · 487 participants	Low
P‐3051 (ciclopirox 8% hydrolacquer) vs comparators Mycological cure: 48 to 52 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.08 [0.85, 1.37]	2 studies · 490 participants	Moderate
P‐3051 (ciclopirox 8% hydrolacquer) vs comparators Clinical cure ‐ not measured · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser vs no treatment or sham treatment Complete cure ‐ not measured · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser vs no treatment or sham treatment Adverse events (collected over the course of the studies; they are not measured/reported for specific time points) · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 4.85 [0.24, 97.11]	2 studies · 85 participants	Very low
1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser vs no treatment or sham treatment Mycological cure: 52 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.04 [0.59, 1.85]	2 studies · 85 participants	Low
Ciclopirox 8% lacquer vs vehicle Adverse events (directly related to treatment, collected over the course of the studies; they are not measured/reported for specific time points) · people with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.61 [0.89, 2.92]	2 studies · 460 participants	Low
1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser vs no treatment or sham treatment Clinical cure ‐ not measured · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Luliconazole 5% solution vs vehicle Complete cure: 48 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.96 [1.18, 7.41]	1 study · 293 participants	Very low
Luliconazole 5% solution vs vehicle Adverse events (collected over the course of the studies; they are not measured/reported for specific time points) · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.02 [0.9, 1.16]	1 study · 293 participants	Low
Luliconazole 5% solution vs vehicle Mycological cure: 48 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.39 [0.98, 1.97]	1 study · 293 participants	Low
Luliconazole 5% solution vs vehicle Clinical Cure ‐ not measured · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Ciclopirox 8% lacquer vs vehicle Mycological cure: 48 weeks · people with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3.15 [1.93, 5.12]	2 studies · 460 participants	Moderate
Ciclopirox 8% lacquer vs vehicle Clinical cure ‐ not measured · people with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Efinaconazole 10% solution vs vehicle Complete cure: 40 to 52 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3.54 [2.24, 5.6]	3 studies · 1716 participants	High
Efinaconazole 10% solution vs vehicle Adverse events (collected over the course of the studies; they are not measured/reported for specific time points) · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.1 [1.01, 1.2]	3 studies · 1701 participants	High
Efinaconazole 10% solution vs vehicle Mycological cure: 40 to 52 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.31 [1.08, 4.94]	3 studies · 1716 participants	Moderate
Efinaconazole 10% solution vs vehicle Clinical cure: 40 to 52 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3.07 [2.08, 4.53]	2 studies · 1655 participants	High
Tavaborole 5% solution vs vehicle Complete cure: 52 weeks · People with fungal infections of the toenails Topical and device‐based treatments for fungal infections of the toenails (2020) · Cochrane	RR 7.4 [2.71, 20.24]	2 studies · 1198 participants	Moderate
Serlopitant 5 mg vs placebo Patient‐reported pruritus intensity · chronic pruritus of unknown origin Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.06 [1.27, 3.35]	1 study · 126 participants	Low
Serlopitant 1 mg vs placebo Sleep disturbances: number of participants with insomnia · chronic pruritus of unknown origin Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.38 [0.17, 0.84]	1 study · 128 participants	Very low
Serlopitant 1 mg vs placebo Depression · chronic pruritus of unknown origin Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Serlopitant 1 mg vs placebo Patient satisfaction · chronic pruritus of unknown origin Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Serlopitant 0.25 mg vs placebo Patient‐reported pruritus intensity · chronic pruritus of unknown origin Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.66 [1, 2.77]	1 study · 127 participants	Low