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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,050 questions in 42 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 37.2%Ungraded 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Any washout vs no washout Symptomatic UTI (Number of participants with symptomatic UTI, citric acid or saline washout versus no washout) · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Low |
One washout solution vs another Symptomatic UTI Mean number of episodes of high temperature due to possible urinary origin · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Number of catheters used Number of participants needing catheter replacement · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Length of time each catheter was in situ · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Catheter removal rates due to blockage/infection · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Rates of asymptomatic bacteriuria · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any washout vs no washout Symtomatic UTI Mean number of episodes of high temperature (saline washout versus no washout) · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Very low |
Any washout vs no washout Symptomatic UTI Mean number of episodes of high temperature due to possible urinary origin (saline washout versus no washout) · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Very low |
Any washout vs no washout Number of catheters used (Number of participants needing catheter replacement, saline washout versus no washout) · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.34, 1.31] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Any washout vs no washout Length of time each catheter was in situ · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any washout vs no washout Catheter removal rates due to blockage/infection · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any washout vs no washout Rates of asymptomatic bacteriuria · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One washout solution vs another Symptomatic UTI Number of participants with symptomatic UTI (citric acid versus saline) · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
One washout solution vs another Symtomatic UTI Mean number of episodes of high temperature · Long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults Washout policies in long‐term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transobturator (TOR) vs retropubic (RPR) route Subjective cure (Short term < 1 year) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.96, 1] | 36 studies · 5514 participants | Moderate |
Transobturator (TOR) vs retropubic (RPR) route Repeat incontinence surgery (short term, within 12 months) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.64 [0.85, 3.16] | 9 studies · 1402 participants | Moderate |
Transobturator (TOR) vs retropubic (RPR) route Repeat incontinence surgery (long term, > 5 years) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 8.79 [3.36, 23] | 4 studies · 695 participants | Low |
Transobturator (TOR) vs retropubic (RPR) route Quality of life · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 11 participants | Ungraded |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach Subjective cure (short term, ≤ 1 year) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [1.01, 1.2] | 3 studies · 492 participants | Moderate |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach Subjective cure (medium term, 1 to 5 years) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach Subjective cure long term: > 5 years · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach Bladder or urethral perforation · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.31, 0.98] | 5 studies · 631 participants | Moderate |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach Voiding dysfunction · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.18, 0.9] | 5 studies · 631 participants | Moderate |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach De novo urgency or urgency incontinence · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.52, 1.34] | 4 studies · 547 participants | Low |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach Vaginal tape erosion · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.27 [0.08, 0.95] | 4 studies · 569 participants | Moderate |
Transobturator (TOR) vs retropubic (RPR) route Subjective cure (medium term, 1 to 5 years) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.92, 1.03] | 5 studies · 683 participants | Low |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach Repeat incontinence surgery short term · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach Repeat incontinence surgery long term · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Retropubic bottom‐to‐top approach vs retropubic top‐to‐bottom approach Quality of life (IIQ scores) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 84 participants | Ungraded |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Subjective cure (short term ≤ 1 year) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.96, 1.06] | 6 studies · 759 participants | Low |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Subjective cure (medium term, 1 to 5 years) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.91, 1.23] | 2 studies · 235 participants | Low |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Subjective cure · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Bladder or urethral perforation · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.07, 1.92] | 6 studies · 794 participants | Moderate |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Voiding dysfunction (short and medium term, up to 5 years) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.74 [1.06, 2.88] | 8 studies · 1121 participants | Moderate |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach De novo urgency or urgency incontinence (short term, up to 12 months) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.46, 2.2] | 3 studies · 357 participants | Low |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Groin pain · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.75, 1.76] | 6 studies · 837 participants | Very low |
Transobturator (TOR) vs retropubic (RPR) route Subjective cure (long term, > 5 years) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.87, 1.04] | 4 studies · 714 participants | Moderate |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Vaginal tape erosion (short and medium term, up to 5 years) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.16, 1.09] | 7 studies · 1087 participants | Very low |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Repeat incontinence surgery (short term, up to 12 months) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.32, 1.3] | 2 studies · 532 participants | Low |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Repeat incontinence surgery · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Obturator medial‐to‐lateral approach vs obturator lateral‐to‐medial approach Quality of life · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Monofilament vs multifilament tapes Subjective cure (short term ≤ 1 year) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.98, 1.16] | 4 studies · 505 participants | Moderate |
Monofilament vs multifilament tapes Subjective cure (medium term: 1 to 5 years) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Monofilament vs multifilament tapes Subjective cure (long term: > 5 years) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Monofilament vs multifilament tapes Bladder or urethral perforation · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.29, 1.99] | 4 studies · 496 participants | Moderate |
Monofilament vs multifilament tapes Voiding dysfunction · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.2 [0.98, 4.92] | 3 studies · 400 participants | Low |
Monofilament vs multifilament tapes De novo urgency or urgency incontinence · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.66, 1.82] | 4 studies · 496 participants | Low |
Transobturator (TOR) vs retropubic (RPR) route Bladder or urethral perforation · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.08, 0.2] | 40 studies · 6372 participants | Moderate |
Monofilament vs multifilament tapes Vaginal tape erosion · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.16, 1.14] | 3 studies · 396 participants | High |
Monofilament vs multifilament tapes Repeat incontinence surgery (short term ≤ 1 year) · women with stress urinary incontinence Mid‐urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |