Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Anti‐IL13 or anti‐IL4 agents vs placebo Serious adverse events · children and adults with asthma Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.76, 1.09] | 22 studies · 7739 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐IL13 or anti‐IL4 agents vs placebo Exacerbation requiring OCS (rate ratio) · children and adults with asthma Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.72, 1.32] | 1 study · 452 participants | Low |
Anti‐IL13 or anti‐IL4 agents vs placebo Change from baseline in ACQ score Scale: 0 to 6 (higher is worse) · children and adults with asthma Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 6251 participants | Moderate |
Anti‐IL13 or anti‐IL4 agents vs placebo Adverse events (any) · children and adults with asthma Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.16 [1.04, 1.3] | 18 studies · 7419 participants | High |
Anti‐IL13 or anti‐IL4 agents vs placebo Time off work or study · children and adults with asthma Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change from baseline in pre‐bronchodilator FEV1 · children and adults with asthma Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 4829 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Change from baseline in FENO (ppb) · children and adults with asthma Anti‐interleukin‐13 and anti‐interleukin‐4 agents versus placebo, anti‐interleukin‐5 or… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 3577 participants | Moderate |
Telerehabilitation vs centre‐based (outpatient) pulmonary rehabilitation Primary rehabilitation · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Telerehabilitation vs no rehabilitation control Quality of life ‐ CRQ dyspnoea domain · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | MD 1.97 | 2 studies · 94 participants | Low |
Telerehabilitation vs no rehabilitation control Exercise capacity ‐ 6MWD (m) · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | MD 78.1 [49.6, 106.6] | 2 studies · 209 participants | Low |
Telerehabilitation vs no rehabilitation control Dyspnoea ‐ mMRC · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 189 participants | Very low |
Telerehabilitation vs no rehabilitation control Quality of life ‐ CAT · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 189 participants | Very low |
Telerehabilitation vs centre‐based (outpatient) pulmonary rehabilitation Exercise capacity ‐6MWD (m) · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.06 | 4 studies · 556 participants | Moderate |
Telerehabilitation vs centre‐based (outpatient) pulmonary rehabilitation Breathlessness ‐ CRQ dyspnoea domain · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.13 | 3 studies · 394 participants | Low |
Telerehabilitation vs centre‐based (outpatient) pulmonary rehabilitation Quality of life ‐ SGRQ · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 274 participants | Low |
Telerehabilitation vs centre‐based (outpatient) pulmonary rehabilitation Quality of life ‐ CAT · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | MD 1.37 | 2 studies · 224 participants | Moderate |
Telerehabilitation vs no rehabilitation control Primary rehabilitation · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Telerehabilitation vs no rehabilitation control Exercise capacity ‐ 6MWD (m) · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | MD 22.17 | 2 studies · 94 participants | Low |
Telerehabilitation vs no rehabilitation control Breathlessness ‐ CRQ dyspnoea domain · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | MD 1.97 | 2 studies · 94 participants | Low |
Telerehabilitation vs no rehabilitation control Quality of life ‐ CRQ total score · Chronic respiratory disease Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease (2021) · Cochrane | MD 6.9 | 2 studies · 94 participants | Low |
Exercise training vs control Change in incremental shuttle walk distance · people with stable bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 161 participants | Low |
Exercise training vs control Change in cough‐related quality of life · people in the post‐acute period following acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Exercise training vs control Change in 6‐minute walk distance · people with stable bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 76 participants | Low |
Exercise training vs control Change in endurance shuttle walk time · people with stable bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
Exercise training vs control Change in endurance shuttle walk distance · people with stable bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Exercise training vs control Change in walking distance during endurance walking test · people with stable bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Exercise training vs control Change in peak oxygen uptake · people with stable bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Exercise training vs control Change in quality of life · people with stable bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 110 participants | Low |
Exercise training vs control Change in cough‐related quality of life · people with stable bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 103 participants | Moderate |
Exercise training vs control Change in 6‐minute walk distance · people in the post‐acute period following acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis Exercise training for bronchiectasis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs no CPAP Erectile dysfunction · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs sham CPAP Health‐related quality of life · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs sham CPAP Minor adverse events · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors Erectile dysfunction · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 152 participants | Low |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors Serious adverse events · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors Sex‐related quality of life (QoL) · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 122 participants | Very low |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors Health‐related quality of life · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors Minor adverse events · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.34, 5.21] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs no CPAP Erectile dysfunction · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs no CPAP Serious adverse events · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs no CPAP Sex‐related quality of life (QoL) · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs no CPAP Health‐related quality of life · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs no CPAP Minor adverse events · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs sham CPAP Erectile dysfunction · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Ungraded |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs sham CPAP Serious adverse events · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs sham CPAP Sex‐related quality of life · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Ungraded |
Remote monitoring plus usual care vs usual care Exacerbations · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Remote monitoring plus usual care vs usual care Mortality · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Remote monitoring plus usual care vs usual care Mortality (all‐cause) · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.62, 1.58] | 7 studies · 927 participants | Very low |
Remote monitoring vs usual care Exacerbations · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |