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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,655 questions · 1,751 findings · 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

No studies found 361 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%

CR oxycodone vs CR morphine

Nausea · adults with cancer‐related pain

CR oxycodone showed no clear difference in nausea (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied… compared with CR morphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs CR morphine

Vomiting · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes vomiting (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied… compared with CR morphine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs CR morphine

Quality of life · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes quality of life compared with CR morphine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs IR oxycodone

Constipation · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes constipation (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment… compared with IR oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs IR oxycodone

Drowsiness/somnolence (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied across trials) · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes drowsiness/somnolence (Event rate during treatment, length of… compared with IR oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs IR oxycodone

Nausea · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes nausea (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied… compared with IR oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs IR oxycodone

Vomiting · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes vomiting (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied… compared with IR oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs CR morphine

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with cancer‐related pain

CR oxycodone may leads to higher pain intensity (various pain intensity scales; SMD) compared with CR morphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Naldemedine vs placebo

Laxation response: risk of spontaneous rescue‐free bowel movements in the short terma · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low dose naldemedine vs higher dose

Symptoms of opioid withdrawal in the medium term · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Low dose naldemedine showed no clear difference in symptoms of opioid withdrawalfin the medium termb compared with higher doses (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low dose naldemedine vs higher dose

Serious adverse eventsg · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Low dose naldemedine showed no clear difference in serious adverse eventsg compared with higher doses (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low dose naldemedine vs higher dose

Adverse events · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Low dose naldemedine showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with higher doses (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review