What do systematic reviews say?

Radiofrequency vs Conventional fistula surgery

Radiofrequency showed no clear difference in incontinence compared with conventional fistula surgery (moderate certainty).

• Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.44 [0.14, 1.41]
  2 studies · 122 participants
  Moderate

Local excision vs radical resection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Local excision vs radical resection

Local excision showed no clear difference in disease‐free survival (D‐FS)Â compared with radical resection (low certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.96 [0.91, 4.24]
  3 studies · 212 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 165 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

It is very uncertain whether local excision changes cancer‐related survival (C‐RS)Â compared with radical resection (very low certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.42 [0.6, 3.33]
  3 studies · 207 participants
  Very low

Local excision vs radical resection

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 265 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

Local excision showed no clear difference in major postoperative complications compared with radical resection (low certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.22, 1.28]
  4 studies · 266 participants
  Low

Local excision vs radical resection

Local excision probably leads to lower minor postoperative complications compared with radical resection (moderate certainty).

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.48 [0.27, 0.85]
  4 studies · 266 participants
  Moderate

Local excision vs radical resection

• Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 55 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in postoperative pancreatic fistula (grade B or C) (low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.73, 1.21]
  5 studies · 1002 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  1.02 [0.87, 1.19]
  4 studies · 447 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes reoperation rate (very low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.33, 1.66]
  3 studies · 323 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 194 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes total hospital cost (US dollars) (very low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 124 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total length of hospital stay (days) (low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 447 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes postoperative mortality (very low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 1.41 [0.63, 3.13]
  2 studies · 351 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes overall postoperative morbidity (very low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.67, 2.02]
  2 studies · 351 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes reoperation rate (very low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.52, 1.41]
  2 studies · 351 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 169 participants
  Low