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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

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No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine oral (2 µg/kg or 3 µg/kg)

Proportion of children who successfully completed neurodiagnostic procedure without interruption by the child awakening · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) vs midazolam

Proportion of children with inadequate level of sedation (Ramsay score below 4) · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) probably leads to lower proportion of children with inadequate level of sedation (Ramsay… compared with midazolam (intranasal 0.2 mg/kg or oral 0.5 mg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) vs midazolam

Proportion of children who had sedation failure after 1 dose of sedative agent · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in proportion of children who had sedation failure after 1 dose of… compared with midazolam (intranasal 0.2 mg/kg or oral 0.5 mg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine oral (2 µg/kg or 3 µg/kg)

Proportion of children who required a further dose of either the same sedative agent or the addition of a different sedative agent · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) vs midazolam

EEG sedative‐induced artefact · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) leads to lower EEG sedative‐induced artefact compared with midazolam (intranasal 0.2 mg/kg or oral 0.5 mg/kg) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) vs midazolam

Number of children with clinical adverse events (any) · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (100 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in number of children with clinical adverse events (any) compared with midazolam (intranasal 0.2 mg/kg or oral 0.5 mg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine oral (2 µg/kg or 3 µg/kg)

Proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level… compared with dexmedetomidine oral (2 µg/kg or 3 µg/kg) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) vs dexmedetomidine oral (2 µg/kg or 3 µg/kg)

Number of children with clinical adverse events (any) · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

Chloral hydrate oral (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) may leads to higher number of children with clinical adverse events (any) compared with dexmedetomidine oral (2 µg/kg or 3 µg/kg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral calcium vs vitamin C

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with oral vitamin C (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs (ketorolac oral rinse; systemic celecoxib) vs placebo or no treatment

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    over 3 months
    SoF 3, Safety of the intervention over 3 months: systemic celecoxib (1 study) - 32 intervention participants reported 56 adverse effects, 20 placebo participants reported 20; 4 grade 3 events; 2 discontinued. Ketorolac…
    2 studies
    GRADE not reported

NSAIDs (ketorolac oral rinse; systemic celecoxib) vs placebo or no treatment

Improvement of histological features (not improved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education

Dental state: No clinically important change in plaque index · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per NIMH 1987, or with…

It is very uncertain whether motivational interview plus oral health education changes dental state: No clinically important change in plaque index compared with oral health education (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education

Self regulation: Average score (Treatment Self Regulation Questionnaire, high score = good) · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per NIMH 1987, or with…

Motivational interview plus oral health education showed no clear difference in self regulation: Average score (Treatment Self Regulation… compared with oral health education; GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review