Biofilm formation · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
No meta-analysis was conducted; ten included studies reported reduced or inhibited Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation with cranberry extract or fractions.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
10 studies
GRADE not reported
Cell damage or cytotoxicity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
No meta-analysis was conducted; one included study reported very low cell damage with grape seed extract.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported
Antioxidant capacity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
One study reported antioxidant activity of cranberry polyphenol fractions (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
GtfB/C and F-ATPase activity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Cranberry proanthocyanidins downregulate GtfB/C and F-ATPase activity of S. mutans (5 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Bacterial growth inhibition · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
No meta-analysis was conducted; seven included studies reported inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth with cranberry extract or fractions.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Bacterial growth inhibition · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Grape seed extract inhibits S. mutans growth in vitro (MIC ~0.5 mg/mL to 250 mg/mL across 5 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
GSE inhibited S. mutans growth across ~0.5-250 mg/mL (Abstract): inhibition at 250-500 mg/mL (Swadas), 4 mg/mL (Zhao), MIC 1000 ug/mL and MBC 4000 ug/mL (Furiga), MIC 0.5 mg/mL (Smullen), and MIC 19.07 mg/mL for…
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Bacterial adhesion or initial colonization · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
No meta-analysis was conducted; three included studies reported reduced adhesion or initial colonization with cranberry extract or fractions.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Bacterial adhesion (inhibition) · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Cranberry extract inhibits S. mutans adhesion / initial colonization in vitro (3 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Cell death / cytotoxicity induction · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
One study reported time-dependent cell-death induction (50% at 10 h) with cranberry extract (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Biofilm morphology or biomass · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
No meta-analysis was conducted; four included studies reported disrupted biofilm structure or reduced biomass with cranberry extract or fractions.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Bacterial adhesion · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
No meta-analysis was conducted; two included studies reported reduced Streptococcus mutans adhesion with grape seed extract or fractions.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Antioxidant capacity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
No meta-analysis was conducted; one included study reported antioxidant properties of cranberry fractions.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported
Outcomes ( · people with facial burns
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Time to complete healing · people with facial burns
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of wounds healed · people with facial burns
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Change in wound surface area over time or partial wound healing (> 90%) (until wound healing) · people with facial burns
1 finding from 1 review
Infection (until wound healing and unclear (2x)) · people with facial burns
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital‐acquired infections Data collected during ICU stay · critically ill patients
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality (ICU, hospital) (days) · critically ill patients
It is very uncertain whether bathing of the critically ill with chlorhexidine changes mortality Data collected (where reported) in hospital, in the ICU,… compared with bathing with soap and water or non‐antimicrobial washcloths (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of ICU stay · critically ill patients
1 finding from 1 review